A new room temperature ionic liquid (IL)(2-hydroxyethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium (S)-2- pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid salt ([Choline][Pro]) has been synthesized from biorenewable and nontoxic raw materials (choline chloride and l (−)-proline) in a simple and relative green route. The IL has been demonstrated to be the efficient catalyst of the direct aldol reactions between ketones and aromatic aldehydes in water at room temperature. The aldol ...