nitrobenzene
Names
[ CAS No. ]:
98-95-3
[ Name ]:
nitrobenzene
[Synonym ]:
Rfna
Nitrobenzene
AZOTIC ACID
m-nitrobenzene
NITAL
HNO3
azotowykwas
anhydrous nitric acid
monomeric nitric acid
HONO2
AQUA FORTIS
MFCD00007043
nitro-alcohol
acidonitrico
trans-nitro alcohol
EINECS 202-716-0
Chemical & Physical Properties
[ Density]:
1.205
[ Boiling Point ]:
210-211 °C(lit.)
[ Melting Point ]:
5-6 °C(lit.)
[ Molecular Formula ]:
C6H5NO2
[ Molecular Weight ]:
123.10900
[ Flash Point ]:
190 °F
[ Exact Mass ]:
123.03200
[ PSA ]:
45.82000
[ LogP ]:
2.11800
[ Vapour density ]:
4.2 (vs air)
[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
[ Index of Refraction ]:
n20/D 1.551(lit.)
[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases. Flammable. Note wide explosion limits.
[ Water Solubility ]:
slightly soluble
MSDS
Toxicological Information
CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
- RTECS NUMBER :
- DA6475000
- CHEMICAL NAME :
- Benzene, nitro-
- CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
- 98-95-3
- LAST UPDATED :
- 199801
- DATA ITEMS CITED :
- 78
- MOLECULAR FORMULA :
- C6-H5-N-O2
- MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
- 123.12
- WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
- WNR
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Standard Draize test
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration into the eye
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - woman
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 200 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - general anesthetic Vascular - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Unreported
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Human - man
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 35 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 556 ppm/4H
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2100 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 640 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - general anesthetic Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 800 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 590 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 480 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 286 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 750 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intravenous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - dog
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 150 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - cat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 25 gm/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 700 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Administration onto the skin
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rabbit
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 600 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Intraperitoneal
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral - coma
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - guinea pig
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 800 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - species unspecified
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 500 mg/kg
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Mammal - species unspecified
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 2 gm/m3
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 900 mg/kg/3D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - changes in spleen
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 800 ug/m3/24H/73D-C
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 50 ppm/6H/90D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in spleen
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Subcutaneous
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1 gm/kg/10D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - other changes
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 1400 mg/kg/14D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in spleen Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 50 ppm/6H/90D-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Endocrine - other changes Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - rat
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 25 ppm/6H/2Y-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- SPECIES OBSERVED :
- Rodent - mouse
- DOSE/DURATION :
- 50 ppm/6H/2Y-I
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 300 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 1 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 1260 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 21 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 3180 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Oral
- DOSE :
- 5300 mg/kg
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 5 ppm/6H
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 90 day(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 1260 ug/m3/4H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 1-21 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 40 ppm/6H
- SEX/DURATION :
- male 12 week(s) pre-mating
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands
- TYPE OF TEST :
- TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
- ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
- Inhalation
- DOSE :
- 41 ppm/6H
- SEX/DURATION :
- female 7-19 day(s) after conception
- TOXIC EFFECTS :
- Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects
MUTATION DATA
- TYPE OF TEST :
- Mutation in microorganisms
- TEST SYSTEM :
- Rodent - hamster Lung
- REFERENCE :
- BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,359,1986 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,183,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 3 mg/m3;STEL 6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1 ppm;STEL 3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NITROBENZENE-air:10H TWA 1 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 1022 (estimated) No. of Industries: 21 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 10578 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 654 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 5080 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 474 (estimated)
Safety Information
[ Symbol ]:
GHS06, GHS08
[ Signal Word ]:
Danger
[ Hazard Statements ]:
H301 + H311 + H331-H351-H360F-H372-H412
[ Precautionary Statements ]:
Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P201-P280-P302 + P352 + P312-P304 + P340 + P312-P308 + P313
[ Target Organs ]:
Blood
[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter
[ Hazard Codes ]:
T:Toxic;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;
[ Risk Phrases ]:
R23/24/25;R40;R48/23/24;R51/53;R62
[ Safety Phrases ]:
S28-S36/37-S45-S61-S28A-S16-S7-S27
[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1662 6.1/PG 2
[ WGK Germany ]:
2
[ RTECS ]:
DA6475000
[ Packaging Group ]:
II
[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1
[ HS Code ]:
2904201000
Synthetic Route
Precursor & DownStream
Precursor
DownStream
Customs
[ HS Code ]: 2904201000
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