98-95-3

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C6-H5-N-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

123.12

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

WNR

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Vascular - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

35 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

556 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

2100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

640 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - general anesthetic Liver - fatty liver degeneration Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

590 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

480 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

286 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

750 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

25 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

2 gm/m3

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

900 mg/kg/3D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in spleen

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

800 ug/m3/24H/73D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

50 ppm/6H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in spleen

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1400 mg/kg/14D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified) Blood - changes in spleen Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

50 ppm/6H/90D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Endocrine - other changes Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in bone marrow (not otherwise specified)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

25 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

50 ppm/6H/2Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 1 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

1260 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 21 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

3180 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

5300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 2 week(s) pre-mating female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - other neonatal measures or effects

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

5 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :

male 90 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

1260 ug/m3/4H

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

40 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :

male 12 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

41 ppm/6H

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - other effects

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation in microorganisms

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :

BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,359,1986 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 5 mg/m3 (1 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2B IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 65,381,1996 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,183,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-ARAB Republic of Egypt:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 3 ppm (15 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 3 mg/m3;STEL 6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 1 ppm;STEL 3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (10 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 1 ppm (5 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO NITROBENZENE-air:10H TWA 1 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 1022 (estimated) No. of Industries: 21 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 10578 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 50760 No. of Facilities: 654 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 5080 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 474 (estimated)