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Phenacetin

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
62-44-2

[ Name ]:
Phenacetin

[Synonym ]:
MFCD00009094
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)- (9CI)
N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-acetamide
P-PHENACETIN
Ethanimidic acid, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-, (1E)-
Achrocidin
p-ethoxyacetanilide
phenacetin
Phenacetine
phenacitin
Codempiral
Acetphenetidin
ACETOPHENETIDIN
Contradouleur
Acetophenetidine
Fenacetina
Acetophenetin
N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)acetamide
(1E)-N-(4-Ethoxyphenyl)ethanimidic acid
N-acetyl-p-phenetidine
p-Acetophenetidide
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-
N-(4-ethoxyphenol)acetamide
Acetamide, N-(4-ethoxyphenol)-
Aceto-p-phenetidin
EINECS 200-533-0
4'-ethoxyacetanilide
N-[4-(ethyloxy)phenyl]acetamide
N-Acetyl-para-phenetidine
Acetanilide, 4'-ethoxy-
N-Acetyl-4-ethoxyaniline

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Phenacetin is a non-opioid analgesic without anti-inflammatory properties, inhibits COX-3 activity.Target: COXPhenacetin is a pain-relieving and fever-reducing drug, Phenacetin was withdrawn from the Canadian market in June 1973 due to concerns regarding nephropathy. the clinical and laboratory data were compatible with "phenacetin nephritis" as described in Europe and Australia and recently in the United States and Canada. This report evaluates the findings in the 23 cases and cautions against the use of phenacetin, particularly in patients with impaired renal function [1]. Phenacetin has been linked to renal papillary necrosis in human beings [2, 3].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[Target]

COX-3:102 μM (IC50)


[References]

[1]. Chandrasekharan NV, et al. COX-3, a cyclooxygenase-1 variant inhibited by acetaminophen and other analgesic/antipyretic drugs: cloning, structure, and expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Oct 15;99(21):13926-31.

[2]. Brix, A.E., Renal papillary necrosis. Toxicol Pathol, 2002. 30(6): p. 672-4.

[3]. Dubach, U.C., B. Rosner, and T. Sturmer, An epidemiologic study of abuse of analgesic drugs. Effects of phenacetin and salicylate on mortality and cardiovascular morbidity (1968 to 1987). N Engl J Med, 1991. 324(3): p. 155-60.


[Related Small Molecules]

4-Acetamidophenol | Aspirin | Paradol | Ginsenoside Rg3 | Ginsenoside Compound K | Xanthohumol | Ibuprofen | Diclofenac | NS-398 | Meloxicam | Flufenamic Acid | Epicatechin | Salicylic acid | ketoprofen | Naproxen

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
323.6±44.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
133-136 °C(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C10H13NO2

[ Molecular Weight ]:
179.216

[ Flash Point ]:
149.5±28.4 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
179.094635

[ PSA ]:
38.33000

[ LogP ]:
2.01

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±0.7 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.506

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids.

[ Water Solubility ]:
0.076 g/100 mL

MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
AM4375000
CHEMICAL NAME :
p-Acetophenetidide
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
62-44-2
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
1869238
LAST UPDATED :
199709
DATA ITEMS CITED :
77
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C10-H13-N-O2
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
179.24
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
2OR DMV1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
74 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
3600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
634 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
866 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
33900 mg/m3
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
540 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1625 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
260 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
2500 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
1 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - guinea pig
DOSE/DURATION :
1870 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - hamster
DOSE/DURATION :
1690 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - ataxia Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
10 gm/kg/4W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - methemoglobinemia-carboxyhemoglobin Blood - changes in other cell count (unspecified) Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
190 mg/m3/4H/30D-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - alteration of classical conditioning Liver - liver function tests impaired
TYPE OF TEST :
TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Inhalation
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
15 mg/m3/4H/17W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Brain and Coverings - recordings from specific areas of CNS Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - proteinuria Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
16 gm/kg/43W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - cat
DOSE/DURATION :
5625 mg/kg/9W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells Blood - changes in erythrocyte (RBC) count Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
80 gm/kg/63Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
57 gm/kg/47Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
7300 mg/kg/Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
572 gm/kg/60W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
1008 gm/kg/96W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Subcutaneous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
19200 mg/kg/24W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
484 gm/kg/96W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
27 gm/kg/10Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
9450 mg/kg/45W-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
206 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - effect, not otherwise specified Skin and Appendages - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
28 gm/kg/28Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
126 gm/kg/25Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
140 gm/kg/13Y-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
50336 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 17 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
24 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
6 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 1-20 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
62920 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 22 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
57200 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 20 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
Micronucleus test
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA damage
TYPE OF TEST :
DNA inhibition
TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Lung
DOSE/DURATION :
100 mg/L
REFERENCE :
SHIGAZ Shigaku. Ondotology. (Nippon Shika Daigaku Shigakkai, 1-9-20 Fujimi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102, Japan) V.38- 1949- Volume(issue)/page/year: 70,924,1983 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,310,1987 IARC Cancer Review:Human Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,135,1980 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMSUDL IARC Monographs, Supplement. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) No.1- 1979- Volume(issue)/page/year: 7,310,1987 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW JRPMAP Journal of Reproductive Medicine. (2 Jacklynn Ct., St. Louis, MO 63132) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 12,27,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AUHPAI Australian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. (B.R. Miller, POB 125, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3(3),100,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW LANCAO Lancet. (7 Adam St., London WC2N 6AD, UK) V.1- 1823- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,1233,1969 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW AJMEAZ American Journal of Medicine. (Technical Pub., 875 Third Ave., New York, NY 10022) V.1- 1946- Volume(issue)/page/year: 38,409,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CANCAR Cancer (Philadelphia). (Lippincott/Harper, Journal Fulfillment Dept., 2350 Virginia Ave., Hagerstown, MD 21740) V.1- 1948- Volume(issue)/page/year: 33,743,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADCSAJ Advances in Chemistry Series. (American Chemical Soc., Distribution Office Dept. 223, POB 57136, West End Stn., Washington, DC 20037) No.1- 1950- Volume(issue)/page/year: 13,271,1970 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW BLFSBY Basic Life Sciences. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 223 Spring St., New York, NY 10003) V.1- 1973- Volume(issue)/page/year: 24,253,1983 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 80478 No. of Facilities: 126 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 4186 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4389 No. of Facilities: 9 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 869 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 617 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 80478 No. of Facilities: 1271 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 12 No. of Employees: 18808 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 15338 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07, GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302-H350

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P201-P308 + P313

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T:Toxic

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R22;R45

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S53-S45

[ RIDADR ]:
1230.0

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
AM4375000

[ HS Code ]:
2924291000

Synthetic Route

Precursor & DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2924291000

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