Pepstatin

Names

[ Name ]:
Pepstatin

[Synonym ]:
N-Isovaleryl-L-valyl-L-valyl-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-γ-aminoheptanoyl-L-alanyl-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-γ-aminoheptanoic acid
N-(3-Methylbutanoyl)-L-valyl-N-[(3S,4S)-1-{[(2S)-1-{[(2S,3S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxy-5-methyl-3-hexanyl]amino}-1-oxo-2-propanyl]amino}-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-oxo-4-heptanyl]-L-valinamide
Pepstatin A
Pepstatin (USAN)
L-Valinamide, N-(3-methyl-1-oxobutyl)-L-valyl-N-[(1S,2S)-4-[[(1S)-2-[[(1S)-1-[(1S)-2-carboxy-1-hydroxyethyl]-3-methylbutyl]amino]-1-methyl-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-hydroxy-1-(2-methylpropyl)-4-oxobutyl]-
pepsininhibitors735a
IHN
peptistatin A
EINECS 247-600-0
Procidin S 735A
procidins735a
PEPSTATIN
ahpatininc
ahpatinin C
pepstatine A
Iva-Val-Val-Sta-Ala-Sta-OH
PepstainA
IVA-VAL-VAL-STA-ALA-STA
N-(3-Methylbutanoyl)-L-valyl-N-[(3S,4S)-1-{[(2S)-1-{[(2S,3S)-1-carboxy-2-hydroxy-5-methylhexan-3-yl]amino}-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino}-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-1-oxoheptan-4-yl]-L-valinamide
MFCD00060740
N-Isovaleryl-L-valyl-L-valyl-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-g-aminoheptanoyl-L-alanyl-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-g-aminoheptanoic Acid
PEPSTATIN A SYNTHETIC
Isovalerylpepstatin
N-(3-Methyl-1-oxobutyl)-L-valyl-(3S,4S)-4-amino-3-hydroxy-6-methylheptanoyl-N-((1S)-1-((1S)-2-carboxy-1-hydroxyethyl)-3-methylbutyl)-L-alaninamide

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Pepstatin is a specific aspartic protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes, with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 6.2 nM, 150 nM, 290 nM, 520 nM and 260 nM for hemoglobin-pepsin, hemoglobin-proctase, casein-pepsin, casein-proctase, casein-acid protease and hemoglobin-acid protease, respectively. Pepstatin Ammonium also inhibits HIV protease.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> HIV Protease

Signaling Pathways >> Metabolic Enzyme/Protease >> Proteasome

Research Areas >> Infection

Natural Products >> Others

Peptides

[Target]

IC50: 4.5 nM (Hemoglobin-pepsin), 6.2 nM (Hemoglobin-proctase), 150 nM (Casein-pepsin), 260 nM (Hemoglobin-acid protease), 290 nM (Casein-proctase), 520 nM (Casein-acid protease)[1]

[In Vitro]

Pepstatin is a specific acid protease inhibitor produced by actinomycetes, with IC50s of 4.5 nM, 6.2 nM, 150 nM, 290 nM, 520 nM and 260 nM for hemoglobin-pepsin, hemoglobin-proctase, casein-pepsin, casein-proctase, casein-acid protease and hemoglobin-acid protease, respectively[1]. Pepstatin (Pepstatin A) inhibits the recombinant HIV protease with an IC50 of 250 μM. Pepstatin shows no effect on cellular protein synthesis and probably does not exert severe cell toxicity[2].

[In Vivo]

Pepstatin has a very low toxicity, with LD50s of 1090 mg/kg, 875 mg/kg, 820 mg/kg and 450 mg/kg for mice, rats, rabbits, and dogs by i.p. route, and > 2000 mg/kg for all species by oral route. Pepstatin (0.5-50 mg/kg, p.o.) suppresses stomach ulceration of the pylorus in ligated Shay rats[1].

[Cell Assay]

Pepstatin A is freshly dissolved in DMSO at 7 mM. It is very slowly diluted (1:100) into the medium of HIV-infected H9 suspension cultures so that no pepstatin A precipitated (final concentration, 70 μM pepstatin A and 1% DMSO), and the cultures are incubated without change of culture medium for 48 hr. As control, uninfected H9 cells are also incubated with pepstatin and in addition HIV infected and uninfected cells are incubated with 1% DMSO but without pepstatin[2].

[References]

[1]. Umezawa H, et al. Pepstatin, a new pepsin inhibitor produced by Actinomycetes. J Antibiot (Tokyo). 1970 May;23(5):259-62.

[2]. Seelmeier S, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus has an aspartic-type protease that can be inhibited by pepstatin A. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Sep;85(18):6612-6.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.1±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
997.6±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
233 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₃₄H₆₃N₅O₉

[ Molecular Weight ]:
685.892

[ Flash Point ]:
557.1±34.3 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
685.462585

[ PSA ]:
223.26000

[ LogP ]:
2.16

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.504

[ Storage condition ]:
2-8°C

[ Stability ]:
Stable. Incompatible with strong bases, strong acids.

[ Water Solubility ]:
10% acetic acid in methanol: 1 mg/mL

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: SC6155000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Pepstatin A

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 26305-03-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 8

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C34-H63-N5-O9

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 686.02

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QV1YQY1Y1&1&MVY1&MV1YQY1Y1&1&MVYY1&1&MVYY1&1&MV1Y1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PPTCBY Proceedings of the International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund. (Japan Scientific Soc. Press, 6-2-10 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) 1st- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,57,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 875 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: PPTCBY Proceedings of the International Symposium of the Princess Takamatsu Cancer Research Fund. (Japan Scientific Soc. Press, 6-2-10 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan) 1st- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,57,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1090 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 450 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: >2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1970

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 820 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: JANTAJ Journal of Antibiotics. (Japan Antibiotics Research Assoc., 2-20-8 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141, Japan) V.2-5, 1948-52; V.21- 1968- Volume(issue)/page/year: 23,259,1970

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S22-S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
SC6155000

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