CX-5461

Names

[ Name ]:
CX-5461

[Synonym ]:
UNII-3R4C5YLB9I
CS-0568
pound not CX5461 pound not CX 5461
2-(4-methyl[1,4]diazepan-1-yl)-5-oxo-5H-7-thia-1,11b-diaza-benzo[c]fluorene-6-carboxylic acid (5-methyl-pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)amide
2-(4-Methyl-1,4-diazepan-1-yl)-N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-5-oxo-5H-[1,3]benzothiazolo[3,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-6-carboxamide
cc-1
5H-Benzothiazolo[3,2-a][1,8]naphthyridine-6-carboxamide, 2-(hexahydro-4-methyl-1H-1,4-diazepin-1-yl)-N-[(5-methyl-2-pyrazinyl)methyl]-5-oxo-
CX-5461
CX5461

Biological Activity

[Description]:

CX-5461 is a potent and oral rRNA synthesis inhibitor. It inhibits RNA polymerase I-driven transcription of rRNA with IC50s of 142, 113, and 54 nM in HCT-116, A375, and MIA PaCa-2 cells, respectively.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> DNA/RNA Synthesis

Research Areas >> Cancer

[Target]

IC50: 54 nM (rRNA synthesis, MIA PaCa-2 cells), 113 nM (rRNA synthesis, A375 cells), 142 nM (rRNA synthesis, HCT-116 cells)[1]

[In Vitro]

CX-5461 is a potent and orally bioavailable inhibitor of Pol I-mediated rRNA synthesis, with IC50s of 142 nM in HCT-116, 113 nM in A375, and 54 nM in MIA PaCa-2 cells, and shows little or no effect on Pol II (IC50, ≥25 μM). CX-5461 has modest inhibition on DNA replication and protein translation. CX-5461 also exhibits broad antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines, with a mean EC50 of 147 nM, but has minimal effect on viability of nontransformed human cells, with EC50 values of appr 5000 nM. EC50s of CX-5461 for HCT-116, A375, and MIA PaCa-2 cell lines are 167, 58, and 74 nM, respectively. CX-5461 induces autophagy and senescence in solid tumor cancer cells, rather than apoptosis, through a p53-independent process[1]. Eμ-Myc lymphoma cells from tumor-bearing mice are exquisitely sensitive to CX-5461 with an IC50 of 27.3 nM ± 8.1 nM for Pol I transcription after 1 hr and IC50 of 5.4 nM ± 2.1 nM for cell death after 16 hr. CX-5461 activates p53 via the nucleolar stress response in Eμ-MycLymphoma Cells[2].

[In Vivo]

CX-5461 displays antitumor activity against human solid tumors in murine xenograft models. CX-5461 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) shows significant MIA PaCa-2 growth inhibition with TGI equal to 69% on day 31 and 79% TGI on A375 on day 32[1]. CX-5461 (50 mg/kg, p.o.) inhibits the Eμ-Myc tumor cells with 84% repression in Pol I transcription at 1 hr posttreatment in C57BL/6 mice. CX-5461 also induces a rapid reduction in tumor burden in the lymph nodes and a concomitant reduction of spleen size to within the normal range[2].

[Cell Assay]

Cells are plated on 96-well plates and treated the next day with dose response of CX-5461 for 96 hours. Cell viability is determined using Alamar Blue and CyQUANT assays[1].

[Animal admin]

Mice[1] Animal experiments are performed with 5- to 6-week-old female athymic (NCr nu/nu fisol) mice of Balb/c. Mice are inoculated with athymic (NCr nu/nu fisol) mice in 100 μL of cell suspension subcutaneously in the right flank. Tumor measurements are performed by caliper analysis, and tumor volume is calculated using the formula (l×w2)/2, where w=width and l=length in mm of the tumor. established tumors (appr 110-120 mm3) are randomized into vehicle (50 mM NaH2PO4, pH 4.5), gemcitabine, or CX-5461 treatment groups. Tumor growth inhibition (TGI) is determined on the last day of study according to the formula: TGI (%)=[100 − (VfD− ViD)/ (VfV − ViV) × 100], where ViV is the initial mean tumor volume in vehicle-treated group, VfV is the final mean tumor volume in vehicle-treated group, ViD is the initial mean tumor volume in drug-treated group, and VfD is the final mean tumor volume in drug-treated group.

[References]

[1]. Drygin D et al. Targeting RNA polymerase I with an oral small molecule CX-5461 inhibits ribosomal RNA synthesis and solid tumor growth. Cancer Res. 2011 Feb 15;71(4):1418-30.

[2]. Bywater MJ, et al. Inhibition of RNA Polymerase I as a Therapeutic Strategy to Promote Cancer-Specific Activation of p53.Cancer Cell. 2012 Jul 10;22(1):51-65.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.5±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
739.9±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₂₇H₂₇N₇O₂S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
513.614

[ Flash Point ]:
401.3±32.9 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
513.194702

[ PSA ]:
123.97000

[ LogP ]:
-0.81

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±2.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.740

[ Storage condition ]:
-20°C

CX-5461

Names

Biological Activity

Chemical & Physical Properties

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Related Compounds