葡聚糖

葡聚糖用途

Dextran (Dextran 40) 对血小板聚集和凝血因子具有抑制作用,在输血过程中可代替一部分全血,常用作血浆容量扩充剂 (代血浆)。

葡聚糖作用

为血容量扩充药，有提高血浆胶体渗透压、增加血浆容量和维持血压的作用，能阻止红细胞及血小板聚集，降低血液粘滞性，从而有改善微循环的作用。
本品主要通过肾脏排出体外，其排泄速度与分子量大小有关。当人机体1小时后，中、低、小分子右旋糖酐分别自尿中排出为30％、50％、70％左右；24小时后分别排出60％、70％、80％左右。
临床上常用的有中分子右旋糖酐，主要用作血浆代用品，用于出血性休克、创伤性休克及烧伤性休克等。低、小分子右旋糖酐，能改善微循环，预防或消除血管内红细胞聚集和血栓形成等，亦有扩充血容量作用，但作用较中分子右旋糖酐短暂；用于各种休克所致的微循环障碍、弥漫性血管内凝血、心绞痛、急性心肌梗塞及其他周围血管疾病等。

葡聚糖名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
9004-54-0

[ 中文名 ]:
右旋糖酐

[ 英文名 ]:
Dextran

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

(+)-2-propano
MFCD00130935
R(+)-PROPRANOLOL HYDROCHLORIDE &(r)-2-propano
dexpropranolol
Dextran T-40
2r-propranolol
R(+)-PROPRANOLOL HCL
(+)-propranolol
D(+)-propranolol
R-(+)-propranolol

葡聚糖生物活性

[ 描述 ]:

Dextran (Dextran 40) 对血小板聚集和凝血因子具有抑制作用,在输血过程中可代替一部分全血,常用作血浆容量扩充剂 (代血浆)。

[ 相关类别 ]:

信号通路 >> 其他 >> 其他

[参考文献]

[1]. Bark BP, et al. Infusion rate and plasma volume expansion of dextran and albumin in the septic guinea pig. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2014 Jan;58(1):44-51.

葡聚糖物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
952.8±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-114.22ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₁₈H₃₂O₁₆

[ 分子量 ]:
504.437

[ 闪点 ]:
327.7±27.8 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
504.169037

[ PSA ]:
276.52000

[ LogP ]:
-4.26

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色晶体或粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.652

[ 储存条件 ]:
存放于惰性气体之中;避免湿气 (吸湿)

葡聚糖MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

葡聚糖毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: HH9247500

CHEMICAL NAME :: Dextran 70

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 9004-54-0

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :: 6 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - other changes Vascular - other changes Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)

REFERENCE :: BMJOAE British Medical Journal. (British Medical Assoc., BMA House, Tavistock Sq., London WC1H 9JR, UK) V.1- 1857- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,1502,1976

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >3 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10700 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 6900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: >12 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 13900 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 12100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 17400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - ataxia

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1023,1972 ** OTHER MULTIPLE DOSE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 900 mL/kg/30D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in adrenal weight Blood - normocytic anemia

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1089,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 4680 mL/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - normocytic anemia Related to Chronic Data - death

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1103,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3120 mL/kg/26W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,369,1975

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 3120 mL/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - normocytic anemia Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,369,1975 ** REPRODUCTIVE DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 675 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

REFERENCE :: OYYAA2 Oyo Yakuri. Pharmacometrics. (Oyo Yakuri Kenkyukai, CPO Box 180, Sendai 980-91, Japan) V.1- 1967- Volume(issue)/page/year: 6,1119,1972

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

DOSE :: 3640 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 91 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

REFERENCE :: YACHDS Yakuri to Chiryo. Pharmacology and Therapeutics. (Raifu Saiensu Shuppan K.K., 2-5-13, Yaesu, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104, Japan) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,369,1975 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83342 No. of Facilities: 86 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 4 No. of Employees: 369 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83342 No. of Facilities: 432 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 7612 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 4671 (estimated)

葡聚糖安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS08, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H373-H411

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P273

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn,Xi

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R20/21/22

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK德国 ]:
2

[ RTECS号 ]:
HH9230000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2932999099

葡聚糖合成路线

详细合成路线

葡聚糖上下游产品

葡聚糖上游产品

葡聚糖下游产品

葡聚糖制备

1.原料处理利用右旋糖酐划分液，回收相对分子质量5000-7500的作原料。
脱色、混合在容器中加水约300ml，加热煮沸后，加右旋糖酐100g，搅拌至全部溶解，补加水配制成100g/L。按右旋糖酐质量配比加30g/L(3%)活性炭，搅拌，煮沸15-30 min，用3号垂熔漏斗过滤，得澄明滤液，放冷至室温。取滤液至适当容器中，在搅拌下加入650g/L(65%)三氯化铁溶液200ml，搅拌均匀，得混合液。
右旋糖[蒸馏水，活性炭]→[煮沸]滤液[FeCl3]→混合液
催化在100mm×100mm玻璃离子交换柱内，装701苯乙烯型弱碱性阴离子交换树脂，用100 g/L (10%)NaOH做再生剂，是树脂转成阴离子OH^-型，流出液pH7-8，无氯化物，比电阻在50kΩ/cm以上，供催化反应用。
将再生好的树脂柱内的水位放至树脂界面处，倒入混合液，进行动态催化反应，流出速度控制在15ml/min为宜。当深红色右旋糖酐铁流出时，立即取样检查pH值、氯化物和比电阻，其pH应在8以上，氯化物应为阴性，比电阻在2kΩ/cm以上，合格后收集。当混合液下降到树脂界面时，开始用水洗脱，进水速度控制在和流出速度相同，一般可收集到2-3L流出液。
混合液[701树脂柱]→流出液（右旋糖酐铁）
浓缩取上述流出液进行减压浓缩，温度45-65℃之间，至1L时停止蒸馏，取样测定含铁量并酌情调节含铁量，使成2.5%。
流出液[40-65℃，减压]→浓缩液
制剂将配好的溶液，经3号或4号垂熔玻璃漏斗过滤，按灭菌制剂操作，分装，封口，112℃，30min灭菌，即得右旋糖酐铁注射液成品。
浓缩液[112℃，30min]→右旋糖酐铁注射液成品。微生物发酵法
菌种选育菌种肠膜状明串珠菌(Leyconostoc meseteroides)。培养基的配制：按质量/体积的配比，将蔗糖10%，蛋白胨0.25%，磷酸氢二钠0.08%，加水至100%，煮沸溶解，滤纸过滤，取滤液3ml分装于试管中，用纱布棉花塞紧，置网格中，117.72kPa(1.2kgf/cm²) 120℃加压灭菌30min，放冷，至恒温箱中，得澄清透明液体培养基供接种用。按上述液体培养基配比，加琼脂1.5%-2%，煮沸溶解，取5ml分装于试管中，用纱布棉花塞紧，117.72 kPa (1.2kgf/cm²)，加压灭菌30min，冷却，即为固体培养基。
菌种纯化和培养取固体培养基5支，加热熔化后，置50-60℃水浴上保温，并分别编号。在无菌橱内选取菌种试管，用白金耳蘸取一耳接种于装有固体培养基的1号试管中，摇匀，再蘸取1号试管接种于2号试管中，摇匀，依次接种至5号试管。然后趁热(约50℃)逐管倾入对应编号的培养皿中，放平，冷却，倒放于恒温箱中，25℃恒温培养24h，培养皿板上出现圆形、边缘整齐、中间微凸、透明、发黏菌落。在第3-5号培养皿内选菌种，正常菌落数应以5-20个为准。用蜡笔在培养皿外壁划圈，选定典型菌落(特征明显，大小适宜)。在无菌橱内以白金耳蘸取圈定的菌落接种于装有液体培养基的试管中，25℃培养24h。传2-3代后，进行小样发酵、水解、划分等试验，选取收率高，成分好，产量高的菌种，2-4℃冰箱保存，备扩大生产使用。
肠膜状明串珠菌[培养基]→[25℃，24h]菌落
种子培养取液体培养基400ml(中瓶)及4000ml(大瓶)，一支菌种试管(3ml)接种于中瓶中，再将中瓶中培养好的种液约100ml接种于大瓶中。在25℃培养20-24h，终点pH3.8-4.3，发酵良好者可供生产使用。
菌落[液体培养基]→[25℃, 20-24h]种子培养液
发酵、沉淀按蔗糖15%，蛋白胨0.25%，磷酸氢二钠0.15%，加常水至100%，制成发酵培养基盛于发酵罐中，接种量2.5%，搅拌10-15min，控制pH7-7.4，25℃左右，发酵20-24h，最后发酵液pH在4.2-5，达终点。加85%±5%的乙醇沉淀，再用60%-70%乙醇洗涤沉淀，得水解用的高分子右旋糖酐粗品，收率85%。
种子培养液[发酵培养基]→[25℃，20-24h, pH7-7.4]发酵液[85%乙醇，60%-70%乙醇]→[pH4.2-5]高分子右旋糖酐粗品
水解、中和、纯化将高分子右旋糖酐粗品加蒸馏水加热溶解，按水解液质量计算，加盐酸0.1%，保温95-100℃，水解，补加蒸馏水稀释浓度达11%，控制终点粘度2.7-2.9，以6mol/LNaOH缓慢中和至pH6-6.5，加无水氯化钙2.4 g/L (0.24%)，最后加入766型粗粒活性炭8 g/L(0.8%)，在搅拌下进行脱色，过滤，得供划分用的水解液。
粗品[HCl, NaOH, CaCl2, 766活性炭]→[95-100℃, pH6-6.5]划分用水解液
一级划分取水解液加入乙醇，使其浓度为40%-40.5%，在40℃保温22h后，收集上层清液，共二级划分，沉淀物为杂质及大分子右旋糖酐。
二级划分一级划分后的上清液加入乙醇，使其浓度达45%-45.5%，搅拌15min，40℃保温静置22h，沉淀物为中分子右旋糖酐。
三级划分二级划分后的上清液加入乙醇，使其浓度达48%-48.5%，搅拌15min，40℃保温静置22h，沉淀为低分子右旋糖酐。
四级划分三级划分后的上清液加入乙醇，使其浓度达55.5%一56.5%，搅拌15min，常温静置6h，沉淀为小分子右旋糖酐。
干燥划分所得右旋糖酐，用90%以上的乙醇调粉脱水和除去杂质，制成松散的含醇粉末，经离心，烘干，得右旋糖酐成品，总收率60%。
右旋糖酐成品[90%以上乙醇]→含醇粉末[离心，烘干]→右旋糖酐成品
注射剂的制备将右旋糖酐成品分别与葡萄糖或氯化钠按注射剂要求制成灭菌水溶液。
右旋糖酝成品[葡萄糖，水]→葡萄糖注射液
右旋糖酐成品[氯化钠，水]<SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 9pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-

葡聚糖海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2932999099

[ 中文概述 ]:
2932999099. 其他仅含氧杂原子的杂环化合物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:13.0%. 监管条件:无. 最惠国关税:6.5%. 普通关税:20.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2932999099. other heterocyclic compounds with oxygen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

葡聚糖文献

Dextran-functionalized magnetic fluid mediating magnetohyperthermia for treatment of Ehrlich-solid-tumor-bearing mice: toxicological and histopathological evaluations.

Tumour Biol. 35(4) , 3391-403, (2014)

Dextran-functionalized maghemite fluid (DexMF) has been tested to treat Ehrlich-solid-tumor-bearing mice, evidencing its potential use in mediating magnetohyperthermia in breast cancer treatment. Howe...

Efficacy and safety of antifungal additives in Optisol-GS corneal storage medium.

JAMA Ophthalmol. 132(7) , 832-7, (2014)

Optisol-GS, the most common corneal storage medium in the United States, contains antibacterial but no antifungal supplementation. Most postkeratoplasty endophthalmitis and keratitis cases are now of ...

Antifungal property of hibicuslide C and its membrane-active mechanism in Candida albicans.

Biochimie 95(10) , 1917-22, (2013)

In this study, the antifungal activity and mode of action(s) of hibicuslide C derived from Abutilon theophrasti were investigated. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that hibicuslide C possessed...

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葡聚糖