ether

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C8-H10

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

106.18

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

2R

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

100 ppm/8H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - sleep Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - other changes Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

4000 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

50 gm/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2624 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

17800 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LCLo - Lowest published lethal concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

10000 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - lacrimation Behavioral - tremor

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

740 ppm/6H/92D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - changes in lung weight Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

782 ppm/6H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count Blood - changes in platelet count

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

975 ppm/6H/97D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

782 ppm/6H/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/m3/4H/30W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Blood - other changes Blood - changes in leukocyte (WBC) count

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

97 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 15 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - female fertility index (e.g. # females pregnant per # sperm positive females; # females pregnant per # females mated)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

985 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

96 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

600 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

2400 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

99 ppm/7H

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

500 mg/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Inhalation

DOSE :

1 gm/m3/24H

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - hamster Embryo

REFERENCE :

MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 392,61,1997 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-STEL 543 mg/m3 (125 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 434 mg/m3 (100 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,104,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm (545 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 100 ppm (434 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm (543 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 50 ppm (217 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);STEL 150 ppm (655 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 100 ppm (440 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 100 mg/m3;STEL 200 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 100 ppm (430 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 100 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 100 ppm;STEL 50 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (450 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);STEL 500 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 100 ppm (435 mg/m3);STEL 125 ppm JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ETHYL BENZENE-air:10H TWA 100 ppm;STEL 125 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 31830 No. of Facilities: 7190 (estimated) No. of Industries: 64 No. of Occupations: 55 No. of Employees: 57442 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 31830 No. of Facilities: 17633 (estimated) No. of Industries: 126 No. of Occupations: 92 No. of Employees: 201833 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 34405 (estimated)