CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION
-
RTECS NUMBER :
-
FM8750000
-
CHEMICAL NAME :
-
Chloral hydrate
-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
-
302-17-0
-
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
-
1698497
-
LAST UPDATED :
-
199801
-
DATA ITEMS CITED :
-
81
-
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
-
C2-H3-Cl3-O2
-
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
-
165.40
-
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
-
QYQXGGG
HEALTH HAZARD DATA
ACUTE TOXICITY DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1 gm/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - coma Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - child
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
219 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - woman
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
960 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - woman
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
465 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - effect, not otherwise specified Behavioral - coma Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
4 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - miosis (pupillary constriction) Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
300 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction) Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - child
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
39 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - child
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
88 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - child
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
48 mg/kg/6H-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - man
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
103 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - infant
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
160 mg/kg/3D-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Cardiac - arrhythmias (including changes in conduction)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Rectal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Human - child
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
97 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Cardiac - pulse rate increase, without fall in BP
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
479 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
3030 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
472 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Parenteral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
710 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
725 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Rectal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
710 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1100 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraperitoneal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
580 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
800 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
530 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
850 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - dog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1 gm/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - sleep
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - dog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
180 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - cat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
400 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - sleep
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1200 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Subcutaneous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1 gm/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
400 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1400 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Rectal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rabbit
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1 gm/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - general anesthetic Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - guinea pig
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
400 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Unreported
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - guinea pig
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
940 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - excitement Behavioral - ataxia
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intraarterial
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - guinea pig
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
400 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Bird - pigeon
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
300 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Amphibian - frog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
938 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Parenteral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Amphibian - frog
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
900 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - cattle
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
30 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Intravenous
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - cattle
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
10 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Rectal
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Mammal - cattle
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
30 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
15120 mg/kg/90D-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Liver - hepatitis (hepatocellular necrosis), zonal Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol) Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
210 mg/kg/30W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - true cholinesterase
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - rat
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1413 mg/kg/90D-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
2016 mg/kg/14D-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Liver - changes in liver weight Endocrine - changes in spleen weight Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
1440 mg/kg/90D-C
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - hepatic microsomal mixed oxidase (dealkylation, hydroxylation, etc.)
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
10 mg/kg
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Liver - tumors
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Administration onto the skin
-
SPECIES OBSERVED :
-
Rodent - mouse
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
960 mg/kg/1W-I
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
-
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
-
Oral
-
DOSE :
-
13 gm/kg
-
SEX/DURATION :
-
female 3 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth
-
TOXIC EFFECTS :
-
Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Specific locus test
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Micronucleus test
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Micronucleus test
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
MUTATION DATA
-
TYPE OF TEST :
-
Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction
-
TEST SYSTEM :
-
Rodent - hamster Lung
-
DOSE/DURATION :
-
500 mg/L
-
REFERENCE :
-
MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 287,29,1993 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Animal Limited Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 63,245,1995 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84490 No. of Facilities: 1191 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 10916 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84490 No. of Facilities: 264 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 11 No. of Employees: 11278 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 8131 (estimated)
|