Penicillin-V

Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) is a potent and orally active antibiotic. Penicillin V shows antibacterial activity for Streptococci, Clostridium difficile and staphylococcus aureus. Penicillin V has the potential for the research of otitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis and tonsillitis[1][2][3][4].

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Penicillin V (0.002-8.0 mg/L) inhibits the growth of Streptococci, with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 0.004-0.008 mg/L[2]. Penicillin V (0.002-8.0 mg/L) shows antibacterial activity for Clostridium difficile with an MIC50 value of 4.0 mg/L and an MIC90 value of 8.0 mg/L[3]. Penicillin V (0.004-0.063 mg/L; 18 h) inhibits the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, with an MIC value of 0.016 mg/L[4].

Penicillin V (0.063-0.25 mg/kg; s.c.) inhibits the outgrowth of S. aureus in mice thigh muscle[4]. Penicillin V (2 mg/kg; s.c.) exhibits the plasma half-life (61 min) and mean AUC (0.47 mg/L·h)[4]. Penicillin V (100 mg/kg; p.o. once daily for 5 d) avoids the fulminant infection of acute purulent otitis media (AOM) in rats[5]. Animal Model: Specific pathogen free (SPF) male Swiss mice (20-25 g) are inoculated S. aureus[4] Dosage: 0.063, 0.13, 0.25 mg/kg Administration: S.c. Result: Decreased the number of CFU (1.34×107 counts/mL) compared to controls (3.5×107 counts/mL) at the dose of 0.25 mg/kg.

[1]. Sabath LD. Et, al. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (penicillin V) and phenethicillin. Med Clin North Am. 1970 Sep;54(5):1101-11.

[2]. Kamme C, et, al. In vitro effect on group A streptococci of loracarbef versus cefadroxil, cefaclor and penicillin V. Scand J Infect Dis. 1993;25(1):37-42.

[3]. Norén T, et, al. In vitro susceptibility to 17 antimicrobials of clinical Clostridium difficile isolates collected in 1993-2007 in Sweden. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010 Aug;16(8):1104-10.

[4]. Overbosch D, et, al. Comparative pharmacodynamics and clinical pharmacokinetics of phenoxymethylpenicillin and pheneticillin. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 1985 May;19(5):657-68.

[5]. Hermansson A, et, al. Prevention of experimental acute otitis media with penicillin V. Acta Otolaryngol. Jan-Feb 1990;109(1-2):119-23.

[6]. Timm A, et al. Photolysis of four β‑lactam antibiotics under simulated environmental conditions: Degradation, transformation products and antibacterial activity. Sci Total Environ. 2019 Feb 15;651(Pt 1):1605-1612.

DATA ITEMS CITED :

15

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C16-H18-N2-O5-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

350.42

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T45 ANV ESTJ CMV1OR& F1 F1 GVQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

10 mg/kg/2D

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Liver - liver function tests impaired Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, other (after systemic exposure) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>2220 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>1775 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>1600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

6578 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1351 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>4 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

>1775 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

822 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :

1096 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Mutation test systems - not otherwise specified

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - mouse Ascites tumor

DOSE/DURATION :

200 ug/L

REFERENCE :

NEOLA4 Neoplasma. (Karger-Libri, P.O. Box, CH-4009 Basel, Switzerland) V.4- 1957- Volume(issue)/page/year: 22,105,1975 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83957 No. of Facilities: 61 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 2874 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83957 No. of Facilities: 114 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 2 No. of Employees: 1964 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 959 (estimated)