L-(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
657-27-2

[ Name ]:
L-(+)-Lysine monohydrochloride

[Synonym ]:
H-Lys-OH.HCl
MFCD00064564
L-Lysinehydrochloride
(2S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride
L-Lysine, monohydrochloride
L-LYS HCL
Lysine hydrochloride
L-Lysine HCl
LYSINE-L HCL
L-Lysine hydrochloride
LYS,HCL
anhydrous L-lysine monohydrochloride
EINECS 211-519-9
L-Lysine, hydrochloride (1:1)
(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid monohydrochloride
H-Lys-OH hydrochloride
(S)-2,6-Diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride
L-Lysine chlorhydrate
L-Lysine, hydrochloride
LYSINE HCL
(2S)-2,6-diaminohexanoic acid hydrochloride
L-Lysine hydrochloride (1:1)

Biological Activity

[Description]:

L-lysine hydrochloride is an essential amino acid for humans with various benefits including treating herpes, increasing calcium absorption, reducing diabetes-related illnesses and improving gut health.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Others >> Others

Research Areas >> Endocrinology

Natural Products >> Others

Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Research Areas >> Infection

[In Vivo]

L-lysine treatment attenuates pancreatic tissue injury induced by L-arginine by inhibiting the release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and enhances antioxidant activity. Pre- or post-treatment with L-lysine leads to significant decreases in the levels of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide, while significant enhancement is observed in the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) and glutathione[1]. L-lysine supplementation almost completely ameliorates vascular calcification. Dietary L-lysine strongly suppresses plasma intact parathyroid hormone in adenine rats and supports a proper bone-vascular axis. The conserved orientation of the femoral apatite in group Lys also evidences the bone-protective effects of L-lysine. Dietary L-lysine elevates plasma alanine, proline, arginine, and homoarginine but not lysine[2]. The dose-dependent delay in gastric emptying observed in rats is confirmed in humans with an increase in halftime of gastric emptying of 4 min/g L-lysine. Moreover, a dose-dependent increase in intestinal fluid accumulation is observed (0.4 mL/min/g L-lysine)[3].

[Animal admin]

Rats: Nephrocalcinosis in 6-week-old male Wistar rats is induced by continuous injection of rat PTH 1-34 at a dosage of 40 μg/kg per day via an osmotic mini-pump for 50 hours. L-lysine HCl or glycine at a dose of 20 mmol/kg is administered via a gastric tube at 2 hours, 14 hours, 26 hours, and 38 hours after the implantation of the osmotic pump. At the indicated periods, Serum and urinary biochemical parameters, urea nitrogen, albumin, calcium, inorganic phosphate, and magnesium are determined by clinical diagnostic reagents[2]. Mice: Four groups of mice (10 in each group) are assessed. Group I is the control. Animals in groups II-IV are injected intraperitoneally with L-arginine hydrochloride (400 mg/kg body weight [bw]) for 3 days. Group III animals are orally pre-treated with L-lysine(10 mg/kg bw), whereas group IV animals are orally post-treated with L-lysine(10 mg/kg bw). Serum samples are subjected to amylase, lipase, transaminase, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) assays. The pancreas is excised to measure the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, catalase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, and glutathione peroxidase[1].

[References]

[1]. Al-Malki AL, et al. Suppression of acute pancreatitis by L-lysinein mice. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015 Jun 23;15:193.

[2]. Shimomura A, et al. Dietary L-lysineprevents arterial calcification in adenine-induced uremic rats. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2014 Sep;25(9):1954-65.

[3]. Baruffol C, et al. L-lysine dose dependently delays gastric emptying and increases intestinal fluid volume in humans and rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2014 Jul;26(7):999-1009.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Boiling Point ]:
311.5ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
263 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₆H₁₅ClN₂O₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
182.648

[ Flash Point ]:
142.2ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
182.082199

[ PSA ]:
89.34000

[ LogP ]:
1.72990

[ Water Solubility ]:
65 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: OL5650000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Lysine, monohydrochloride, L-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 657-27-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199701

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 4

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H14-N2-O2.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 182.68

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: Z4YZVQ &GH -L

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

REFERENCE :: JPMSAE Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. (American Pharmaceutical Assoc., 2215 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC 20037) V.50- 1961- Volume(issue)/page/year: 62,49,1973

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4019 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - coma Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

REFERENCE :: ABBIA4 Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. (Academic Press, Inc., 1 E. First St., Duluth, MN 55802) V.31- 1951- Volume(issue)/page/year: 58,253,1955 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X3664 No. of Facilities: 612 (estimated) No. of Industries: 4 No. of Occupations: 19 No. of Employees: 5509 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 1728 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;Gloves;type N95 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xi

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R34

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S26-S36/37/39-S45-S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1789 8/PG 3

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
OL5650000

[ HS Code ]:
29224100

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2922499990

[ Summary ]:
HS:2922499990 other amino-acids, other than those containing more than one kind of oxygen function, and their esters; salts thereof VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:30.0%

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Related Compounds

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