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Furosemide

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
54-31-9

[ Name ]:
Furosemide

[Synonym ]:
Mirfat
furesis
Odemase
Frumex
furosedon
Durafurid
Furosemide,5-(Aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-2-([2-furanylmethyl]amino)benzoicacid
Frusemide
frusid
dryptal
Benzoic acid, 5-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-2-[(2-furanylmethyl)amino]-
Frusetic
Errolon
trofurit
Nicorol
EINECS 200-203-6
Urex
macasirool
lasilix
Furosemid
Oedemex
Discoid
katlex
Impugan
profemin
desdemin
Furosemide
Fusid
4-Chloro-2-[(2-furylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
Lasix
Eutensin
fulsix
rosemide
MFCD00010549
Fuluvamide
4-Chloro-N-Furfuryl-5-Sulfamoylanthranilic Acid

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Furosemide (Lasix) is a loop diuretic inhibitor of Na+/2Cl-/K+ (NKCC) cotransporter of which used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema.Target: NKCC Furosemide (INN/BAN) or frusemide is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of congestive heart failure and edema. It is most commonly marketed by Sanofi under the brand name Lasix, and also under the brand names Fusid and Frumex. It has also been used to prevent Thoroughbred and Standardbred race horses from bleeding through the nose during races.Along with some other diuretics, furosemide is also included on the World Anti-Doping Agency's banned drug list due to its alleged use as a masking agent for other drugs.Furosemide, like other loop diuretics, acts by inhibiting NKCC2, the luminal Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The action on the distal tubules is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone; it also abolishes the corticomedullary osmotic gradient and blocks negative, as well as positive, free water clearance.Because of the large NaCl absorptive capacity of the loop of Henle, diuresis is not limited by development of acidosis, as it is with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Additionally, furosemide is a noncompetitive subtype-specific blocker of GABA-A receptors. Furosemide has been reported to reversibly antagonize GABA-evoked currents of α6β2γ2 receptors at uM concentrations, but not α1β2γ2 receptors. During development, the α6β2γ2 receptor increases in expression in cerebellar granule neurons, corresponding to increased sensitivity to furosemide

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel >> NKCC
Research Areas >> Metabolic Disease

[References]

[1]. Rais-Bahrami K, et al. Use of furosemide and hearing loss in neonatal intensive care survivors. Am J Perinatol. 2004 Aug;21(6):329-32.

[2]. Tia S, et al. Developmental changes of inhibitory synaptic currents in cerebellar granule neurons: role of GABA (A) receptor alpha 6 subunit. J Neurosci. 1996 Jun 1;16(11):3630-40.

[3]. Korpi ER, et al. Selective antagonist for the cerebellar granule cell-specific gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor. Mol Pharmacol.1995 Feb;47(2):283-9.


[Related Small Molecules]

Furosemide (sodium)

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.6±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
582.1±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
220 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C12H11ClN2O5S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
330.744

[ Flash Point ]:
305.9±32.9 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
330.007721

[ PSA ]:
131.01000

[ LogP ]:
3.10

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.658

[ Stability ]:
Stable, but light sensitive, air sensitive and hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :
CB2625000
CHEMICAL NAME :
Anthranilic acid, 4-chloro-N-furfuryl-5-sulfamoyl-
CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :
54-31-9
BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :
0840915
LAST UPDATED :
199612
DATA ITEMS CITED :
49
MOLECULAR FORMULA :
C12-H11-Cl-N2-O5-S
MOLECULAR WEIGHT :
330.76
WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :
T5OJ B1MR CG FVQ DSZW

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
120 mg/kg/21W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - interstitial nephritis
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - man
DOSE/DURATION :
29 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - change in acuity Sense Organs and Special Senses (Ear) - tinnitus Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume decreased
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
6250 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Behavioral - muscle weakness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in calcium Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in metals, not otherwise specified
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human
DOSE/DURATION :
1300 ug/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - other changes Vascular - regional or general arteriolar constriction
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - infant
DOSE/DURATION :
1 mg/kg/4H-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - metabolic alkalosis
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Human - woman
DOSE/DURATION :
2500 ug/kg/2M-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Cardiac - pulse rate
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
2600 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
308 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
900 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
2 gm/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Mammal - dog
DOSE/DURATION :
>400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
800 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intravenous
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rabbit
DOSE/DURATION :
400 mg/kg
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
1400 mg/kg/5W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Liver - changes in liver weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
32200 mg/kg/14D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
27300 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
15288 mg/kg/26W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - urine volume increased Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in bladder weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - changes in sodium
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
77280 mg/kg/14D-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - changes in tubules (including acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis) Related to Chronic Data - death
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
54600 mg/kg/13W-I
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Liver - changes in liver weight
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - rat
DOSE/DURATION :
21112 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Brain and Coverings - tumors Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - Kidney tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
15652 mg/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors Blood - lymphoma, including Hodgkin's disease
TYPE OF TEST :
TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
SPECIES OBSERVED :
Rodent - mouse
DOSE/DURATION :
122 gm/kg/2Y-C
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Skin and Appendages - tumors
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 12-14 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
300 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - extra-embryonic structures (e.g., placenta, umbilical cord) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
122 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 6 week(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
150 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 16 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Unreported
DOSE :
1800 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-17 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
12500 mg/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Oral
DOSE :
5 gm/kg
SEX/DURATION :
female 6-15 day(s) after conception
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system
TYPE OF TEST :
TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose
ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :
Intraperitoneal
DOSE :
1560 ug/kg
SEX/DURATION :
male 1 day(s) pre-mating
TOXIC EFFECTS :
Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)
TYPE OF TEST :
Cytogenetic analysis

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :
Sister chromatid exchange
TEST SYSTEM :
Rodent - hamster Ovary
DOSE/DURATION :
500 mg/L
REFERENCE :
NTPTR* National Toxicology Program Technical Report Series. (Research Triangle Park, NC 27709) No.206- Volume(issue)/page/year: NTP-TR-356,1989 *** REVIEWS *** IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,277,1990 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,277,1990 IARC Cancer Review:Group 3 IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 50,277,1990 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84036 No. of Facilities: 25 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 275 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84036 No. of Facilities: 202 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 14103 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 11997 (estimated)

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS08

[ Signal Word ]:
Danger

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H360

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P201-P308 + P313

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
Eyeshields;full-face particle respirator type N100 (US);Gloves;respirator cartridge type N100 (US);type P1 (EN143) respirator filter;type P3 (EN 143) respirator cartridges

[ Hazard Codes ]:
T:Toxic;

[ Risk Phrases ]:
R61

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S7-S16-S36/37-S45-S53-S36/37/39-S22

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1230 3/PG 2

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
CB2625000

[ HS Code ]:
2942000000

Precursor & DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2935009090

[ Summary ]:
2935009090 other sulphonamides VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:none MFN tariff:6.5% General tariff:35.0%

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