3-(5,6-dihydrobenzo[b][1]benzazepin-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine

Imipramine is an orally active tertiary amine tricyclic antidepressant. Imipramine is a Fascin1 inhibitor with antitumor activities. Imipramine stimulates U-87MG glioma cells autophagy and induces HL-60 cell apoptosis. Imipramine shows neuroprotective and immunomodulatory effects[1][2][3][4].

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis

Research Areas >> Cancer

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

Research Areas >> Neurological Disease

Fascin1, Autophagy, Apoptosis[1][2][3]

Imipramine (0.5-300 μM, 3 days) inhibits HCT-116 cell viability[1]. Imipramine (20 μM) inhibits cell migration (7 h) and invasion (48 h)[1]. Imipramine (50 μM, 0-240 min) inhibites the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in U-87MG glioma cells[2]. Imipramine (60 μM, 24 h) stimulates U-87MG glioma cells autophagy[2]. Imipramine (80 μM, 24 h) induces HL-60 cell apoptosis[3]. Cell Viability Assay[1] Cell Line: DLD-1, HCT-116, and SW-480 Concentration: 0.5-300 μM Incubation Time: 3 days Result: Inhibited cell viability and HCT-116 was more sensitive than DLD-1 and SW-480. Cell Migration Assay [1] Cell Line: DLD-1, HCT-116, and SW-480 Concentration: 20 μM Incubation Time: 7 h Result: Produced a remarkable inhibition of migration in all assayed cell lines. Cell Invasion Assay[1] Cell Line: HCT-116 Concentration: 20 μM Incubation Time: 48 h Result: Inhibited cell invasion through Matrigel. Western Blot Analysis[2] Cell Line: U-87MG Concentration: 50 μM Incubation Time: 0, 15, 30, 60, 120 and 240 min Result: Markedly inhibited the phosphorylation of both Akt (Ser473) and mTOR (Ser2481) in a time-dependent manner. Also dephosphorylated p70 S6K, a downstream target of mTOR. Cell Autophagy Assay[2] Cell Line: U-87MG Concentration: 60 μM Incubation Time: 24 h Result: Stimulated the induction of autophagy through the redistribution of LC3 in U-87MG glioma cells. Apoptosis Analysis[3] Cell Line: HL-60 Concentration: 80 μM Incubation Time: 24 h Result: Induced cell apoptosis.

Imipramine (20 mg/kg, i.p. or 15 mg/kg, p.o.; daily for 24 days) attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance in mice[4]. Animal Model: Male C57BL/6 mice (6–8 weeks old) subjected to RSD (repeated social defeat) and HCC (home cage control)[4] Dosage: 20 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg Administration: Intraperitoneal injection or oral administration, daily for 24 days Result: Reversed RSD-induced social avoidance behavior, significantly increasing the interaction time, significantly decreased stress-induced mRNA levels for IL-6 in brain microglia.

[1]. Alburquerque-González B, et al. New role of the antidepressant imipramine as a Fascin1 inhibitor in colorectal cancer cells. Exp Mol Med. 2020 Feb;52(2):281-292.

[2]. Jeon SH, et al. The tricyclic antidepressant imipramine induces autophagic cell death in U-87MG glioma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2011 Sep 23;413(2):311-7.

[3]. Xia Z, et al. The antidepressants imipramine, clomipramine, and citalopram induce apoptosis in human acute myeloid leukemia HL-60 cells via caspase-3 activation. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 1999;13(6):338-47.

[4]. Ramirez K, et al. Imipramine attenuates neuroinflammatory signaling and reverses stress-induced social avoidance. Brain Behav Immun. 2015 May;46:212-20.

DATA ITEMS CITED :

62

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C19-H24-N2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

280.45

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T C676 BN&T&J B3N1&1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

71428 ug/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - rigidity (including catalepsy) Skin and Appendages - sweating Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - coma Cardiac - other changes Vascular - BP lowering not characterized in autonomic section

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

71 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - change in rate Endocrine - changes in luteinizing hormone

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

2 mg/kg/1D

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - coma

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - woman

DOSE/DURATION :

3 mg/kg/32H-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Skin and Appendages - photosensitivity (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

30 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - child

DOSE/DURATION :

35 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Cardiac - other changes Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - dyspnea

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

450 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Skin and Appendages - dermatitis, irritative (after systemic exposure)

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human

DOSE/DURATION :

40 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

5357 ug/kg/5D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in REM sleep (human)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Human - man

DOSE/DURATION :

8 mg/kg/3D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

79 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

250 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

9300 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

188 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - ptosis Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature decrease

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

51600 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

195 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - wakefulness Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - body temperature increase

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

21 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - parasympatholytic Behavioral - wakefulness Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

107 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Autonomic Nervous System - smooth muscle relaxant (mechanism undefined, spasmolytic)

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

45 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory depression

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :

20 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

385 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

18 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

350 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - anticonvulsant

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :

455 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

3600 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

5760 mg/kg/22W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Cardiac - EKG changes not diagnostic of specified effects Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

75 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 9-14 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

600 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 60 day(s) pre-mating female 60 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

378 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

lactating female 21 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - physical

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

165 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 14 day(s) pre-mating female 1-19 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - live birth index (measured after birth) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - weaning or lactation index (e.g., # alive at weaning per # alive at day 4)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 14-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

210 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 21 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - menstrual cycle changes or disorders

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

40 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 18-21 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

130 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - cardiovascular (circulatory) system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

65 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 8-20 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

175 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

87500 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 7-13 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

DOSE :

188 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

male 5 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraplacental

DOSE :

80 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 11 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraplacental

DOSE :

80 ug/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - other developmental abnormalities

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

390 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

55 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

255 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 1-17 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - Central Nervous System Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - craniofacial (including nose and tongue) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :

DNA inhibition

TYPE OF TEST :

Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TEST SYSTEM :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

188 mg/kg/5D (Intermittent)

REFERENCE :

IMSCE2 IRCS Medical Science. (Lancaster, UK) V.12-14, 1984-86. For publisher information, see MSCREJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 14,1129,1986 *** REVIEWS *** TOXICOLOGY REVIEW DICPBB Drug Intelligence and Clinical Pharmacy. (POB 42435, Cincinnati, OH 45242) V.3- 1969- Volume(issue)/page/year: 8,690,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1(1),93,1971 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CLCHAU Clinical Chemistry (Winston-Salem, NC). (American Assoc. for Clinical Chemistry, 1725 K St., NW, Washington, DC 20006) V.1- 1955- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,361,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ARVPAX Annual Review of Pharmacology. (Palo Alto, CA) V.1-15, 1961-75. For publisher information, see ARPTDI. Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,447,1965 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW ADVPA3 Advances in Pharmacology. (New York, NY) V.1-6, 1962-68. For publisher information, see AVPCAQ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 4,263,1966 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW FNSCA6 Forensic Science. (Lausanne, Switzerland) V.1-11, 1972-78. For pub lisher information, see FSINDR. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,67,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CTOXAO Clinical Toxicology. (New York, NY) V.1-18, 1968-81. For publisher information, see JTCTDW. Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,403,1969 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - X4727 No. of Facilities: 7 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 1 No. of Employees: 103 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 52 (estimated)