Chaetocin

Names

[ Name ]:
Chaetocin

[Synonym ]:
(3S,3'S)-3,3'-bis-hydroxymethyl-2,2'-dimethyl-(5at,10bt,5'at',10'bt')-2,3,5a,6,2',3',5'a,6'-octahydro-[10b,10'b]bi[3r,11ac-epidisulfano-pyrazino[1',2':1,5]pyrrolo[2,3-b]indolyl]-1,4,1',4'-tetraone
(+)-chaetocin A
(1S,1'S,3R,3'R,11R,11'R,14S,14'S)-14,14'-Bis(hydroxymethyl)-18,18'-dimethyl-3,3'-bi(15,16-dithia-10,12,18-triazapentacyclo[12.2.2.0.0.0]octadecane)-4,4',6,6',8,8'-hexaene-13,13',17,17 ;'-tetrone
'bR,11aS,11'aS)
Chetocin

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Chaetocin is a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase (HMT) SU(VAR)3-9 with an IC50 of 0.6 μM for SU(VAR)3-9. It also inhibits thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) with an IC50 of 4 μM.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> Histone Methyltransferase

Natural Products >> Saccharides and Glycosides

Research Areas >> Cancer

[Target]

IC50: 0.6 μM (HMT)[1], 4 μM (TrxR)[2]

[In Vitro]

Chaetocin is initially isolated from the fermentation broth of chaetomium minutum and belongs to the class of 3-6 epidithio-diketopiperazines (ETPs). The IC50 for SU(VAR)3-9 is 0.6 μM and acts as a competitive inhibitor for S-adenosylmethionine. Chaetocin inhibits the human ortholog of dSU(VAR)3-9 with a similar IC50 value of 0.8 μM. It inhibits other known Lys9-specific HMTs such as mouse G9a and Neurospora crassa DIM5 with a higher IC50 values of 2.5 and 3 mM, respectively[1]. Chaetocin inhibits TrxR1-initiated turnover of the synthetic substrate DTNB in a cell-free assay in a dose-responsive manner with an IC50 of about 4 μM[2].

[In Vivo]

SL-2 Drosophila tissue cells are cultured in the presence or absence of the inhibitor. Chaetocin has a toxic effect on cells grown in culture. Toxicity is highly dependent on the initial cell density when chaetocin is added to the culture. The number of H3 molecules dimethylated at Lys9 (H3K9me2) is markedly reduced when cells are grown in medium containing 0.5 μM chaetocin after 5 d. Histones isolated from cells treated with 0.1 μM and for a shorter time also shows a drop in Lys9 methylation, but not as strongly as with the higher concentration[1].

[Cell Assay]

HeLa cells are transfected with 1 μg pcDNA or pcDNA-Trx. Twenty four h after transfection the cells are treated with either DMSO, 100 nM chaetocin or 100 nM doxorubicin for 24 h. The cells are then trypsinized and manually counted in trypan blue to exclude dead cells. For immunoblotting (24 h after transfections), cells are trypsinized, ished in cold PBS, and lysed in CelLytic lysis buffer containing protease inhibitors. Protein is analyzed by BCA assay and lysates are electrophoresed on 15% SDS-PAGE gels and transferred to nitrocellulose. Immunoblotting for thioredoxin and actin is then performed[2].

[References]

[1]. Greiner D, et al. Identification of a specific inhibitor of the histone methyltransferase SU(VAR)3-9. Nat Chem Biol. 2005 Aug;1(3):143-5.

[2]. Tibodeau JD, et al. The anticancer agent chaetocin is a competitive substrate and inhibitor of thioredoxin reductase. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2009 May;11(5):1097-106.

[Related Small Molecules]

GSK126 | Tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) | UNC 0642 | GSK343 | Pinometostat (EPZ5676) | 3-Deazaneplanocin A (hydrochloride) | Pemrametostat (GSK3326595) | UNC1999 | BIX-01294 | EPZ031686 | AZ505 (ditrifluoroacetate) | MS023 | EPZ 004777 | EPZ015666 | EPZ015866(GSK591)

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.9±0.1 g/cm3

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₃₀H₂₈N₆O₆S₄

[ Molecular Weight ]:
696.840

[ Exact Mass ]:
696.095337

[ PSA ]:
246.96000

[ LogP ]:
3.10

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.930

[ Storage condition ]:
2~8°C

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Toxicological Information

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: FM3032000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Chetocin

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 28097-03-2

LAST UPDATED :: 199612

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 2

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C30-H28-N6-O6-S4

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 696.88

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85GDA2 "CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds," Vols.1- , Berdy, J., Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4(1),170,1980

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1700 ug/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :: 85GDA2 "CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds," Vols.1- , Berdy, J., Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 4(1),170,1980

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302 + H312 + H332

[ Precautionary Statements ]:
P280

[ Personal Protective Equipment ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Gloves

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn

[ Risk Phrases ]:
20/21/22

[ RIDADR ]:
UN 1544

[ RTECS ]:
FM3032000

[ Packaging Group ]:
III

[ Hazard Class ]:
6.1(b)

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Articles

Inhibition of histone H3K9 methyltransferases by gliotoxin and related epipolythiodioxopiperazines.

J. Antibiot. 65(5) , 263-5, (2012)

Individual epigenetic status of the pathogenic D4Z4 macrosatellite correlates with disease in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Clin. Epigenetics. 7(1) , 37, (2015)

Both forms of facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) are associated with aberrant epigenetic regulation of the chromosome 4q35 D4Z4 macrosatellite. Chromatin changes due to large deletions of h...

Epidithiodiketopiperazine as a pharmacophore for protein lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitors: reducing cytotoxicity by structural simplification.

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 23(3) , 733-6, (2013)

Chaetocin (1), a structurally complex epidithiodiketopiperazine (ETP) alkaloid produced by Chaetomium minutum, is a potent inhibitor of protein lysine methyltransferase G9a, which plays important role...

Related Compounds

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