Oxytetracycline HCl

Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is an antibiotic belonging to the tetracycline class. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride potent inhibits Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride is a protein synthesis inhibitor and prevents the binding from aminoacil-tRNA to the complex m-ribosomal RNA. Oxytetracycline hydrochloride also possesses anti-HSV-1 activity[1][2][3].

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> HSV

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria[1] HSV-1[3]

Oxytetracycline is an important member of the bacterial aromatic polyketide family, which is a structurally diverse class of natural products. Oxytetracycline is synthesized by a type II polyketide synthase that generates the poly-beta-ketone backbone through successive decarboxylative condensation of malonyl-CoA extender units, followed by modifications by cyclases, oxygenases, transferases, and additional tailoring enzymes[2].

The effects of administration a therapeutic dose of Oxytetracycline (82.8 mg/kg of bw to 1 % bw/day) for 10 days are species specific. Oxytetracycline increases the relative liver weight in Morone chrysops x M. saxatilis, the enzymatic activity of CYP3A4 in Ictalurus punctatus, protein expression of CYP3A4 in Oreochromis niloticus and depleted the hepatic CYP3A4 in the latter[1]. For Oxytetracycline, the limits are 100 μg/kg in muscle and milk, 200 μg/kg in egg, 300 μg/kg in liver and 600 μg/kg in kidney. Oxytetracycline (OTC) is administered to fish as medicated feed at concentrations ranging from 35 to 75 mg a.i kg-1 biomass day-1 for 7-14 days[1].

[1]. Elia AC, et al. Transferability of oxytetracycline (OTC) from feed to carp muscle and evaluation of the antibiotic effects on antioxidant systems in liver and kidney. Fish Physiol Biochem. 2014 Aug;40(4):1055-68.

[2]. Pickens LB, et al. Oxytetracycline biosynthesis. J Biol Chem. 2010 Sep 3;285(36):27509-15.

[3]. Oguz Guvenmez, et al. A New Treatment Method for Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-related Skin Lesions. Scientific & Academic. 2019; 8(1): 6-8.

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C22-H24-N2-O9.Cl-H

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

496.94

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

L E6 C666 BV FV CU GUTTT&J DQ EQ GVZ HQ IN1&1 KQ MQ M1 RQ &GH

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

800 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

302 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

6696 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

600 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :

100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :

LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

80 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - excitement

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

1802 gm/kg/2Y

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Tumorigenic - equivocal tumorigenic agent by RTECS criteria Endocrine - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Parenteral

DOSE :

20 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 20 week(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - abortion

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

11250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

12 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

DOSE :

21 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 6-15 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Maternal Effects - uterus, cervix, vagina

TYPE OF TEST :

TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

DOSE :

900 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :

female 10-18 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :

Micronucleus test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TEST SYSTEM :

Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

DOSE/DURATION :

20 mg/L

REFERENCE :

BIORAK Biochemistry (English Translation). Translation of BIOHAO. (Plenum Pub. Corp., 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013) V.21- 1956- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,587,1974 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** EPA FIFRA 1988 PESTICIDE SUBJECT TO REGISTRATION OR RE-REGISTRATION FEREAC Federal Register. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) V.1- 1936- Volume(issue)/page/year: 54,7740,1989 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 83236 No. of Facilities: 49 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 6 No. of Employees: 9441 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 83236 No. of Facilities: 763 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 10 No. of Employees: 20845 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 16524 (estimated)