Adenosine-13C10,15N5

Adenosine-13C10,15N5 is the 13C and 15N labeled Adenosine[1]. Adenosine (Adenine riboside), a ubiquitous endogenous autacoid, acts through the enrollment of four G protein-coupled receptors: A1, A2A, A2B, and A3. Adenosine affects almost all aspects of cellular physiology, including neuronal activity, vascular function, platelet aggregation, and blood cell regulation[2][3].

Signaling Pathways >> Apoptosis >> Apoptosis

Signaling Pathways >> Cell Cycle/DNA Damage >> Nucleoside Antimetabolite/Analog

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Stable heavy isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, and other elements have been incorporated into drug molecules, largely as tracers for quantitation during the drug development process. Deuteration has gained attention because of its potential to affect the pharmacokinetic and metabolic profiles of drugs[1].

[1]. Russak EM, et al. Impact of Deuterium Substitution on the Pharmacokinetics of Pharmaceuticals. Ann Pharmacother. 2019 Feb;53(2):211-216.  

[2]. Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Vincenzi F, Varani K. Pharmacology of Adenosine Receptors: The State of the Art. Physiol Rev. 2018;98(3):1591-1625.  

[3]. Fredholm BB. Adenosine, an endogenous distress signal, modulates tissue damage and repair. Cell Death Differ. 200714(7):1315-1323.  

[4]. Zhou XT, et al. Inhibition of autophagy enhances adenosine induced apoptosis in human hepatoblastoma HepG2 cells. Oncol Rep. 201941(2):829-838.  

[5]. Eltzschig HK. Adenosine: an old drug newly discovered. Anesthesiology. 2009111(4):904-915.