Enzastaurin (LY317615)

Names

[ Name ]:
Enzastaurin (LY317615)

[Synonym ]:
3-(1-Methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-{1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1H-indol-3-yl}-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-{1-[1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]-1H-indol-3-yl}-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione
3-(1-methylindol-3-yl)-4-[1-[1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl]indol-3-yl]pyrrole-2,5-dione
LY-317615
LY317615
1H-Pyrrole-2,5-dione, 3-(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-4-[1-[1-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-4-piperidinyl]-1H-indol-3-yl]-
Enzastaurin

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Enzastaurin is a potent and selective PKCβ inhibitor with an IC50 of 6 nM, showing 6- to 20-fold selectivity over PKCα, PKCγ and PKCε.

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Autophagy >> Autophagy

Signaling Pathways >> Epigenetics >> PKC

Signaling Pathways >> TGF-beta/Smad >> PKC

Research Areas >> Cancer

[Target]

PKCβ:6 nM (IC50)

PKCα:39 nM (IC50)

PKCγ:83 nM (IC50)

PKCε:110 nM (IC50)

[In Vitro]

Enzastaurin increases apoptosis in malignant lymphocytes of CTCL. When combined with GSK3 inhibitors, enzastaurin demonstrates an enhancement of cytotoxicity levels. Treatment with a combination of enzastaurin and the GSK3 inhibitor AR-A014418 leads to increased levels of β-catenin total protein and β-catenin-mediated transcription. Blocking of β-catenin-mediated transcription or small hairpin RNA (shRNA) knockdown of β-catenin induces the same cytotoxic effects as that of enzastaurin plus AR-A014418. Additionally, treatment with enzastaurin and AR-A014418 decreases the mRNA levels and surface expression of CD44[1].Enzastaurin application results in a marked dose-dependent inhibition of growth in all MM cell lines investigated, including MM.1S, MM.1R, RPMI 8226 (RPMI), RPMI-Dox40 (Dox40), NCI-H929, KMS-11, OPM-2, and U266, with IC50 from 0.6-1.6 μM. Enzastaurin direct impacts human tumor cells, inducing apoptosis and suppressing proliferation in cultured tumor cells. Enzastaurin also suppresses the phosphorylation of GSK3βser9, ribosomal protein S6S240/244, and AKTThr308 while having no direct effect on VEGFR phosphorylation[3].

[In Vivo]

Treatment of xenografts with Enzastaurin and radiation produces greater reductions in density of microvessels than either treatment alone. The decrease in microvessel density corresponds to delayed tumor growth[2].

[Kinase Assay]

The inhibition of PKCβII, PKCα, PKCε, or PKCγ activity by enzastaurin is determined using a filter plate assay format measuring 33P incorporation into myelin basic protein substrate. Reactions are done in 100 μL reaction volumes in 96-well polystyrene plates with final conditions as follows: 90 mM HEPES (pH 7.5), 0.001% Triton X-100, 4% DMSO, 5 mM MgCl2, 100 μM CaCl2, 0.1 mg/mL phosphatidylserine, 5 μg/mL diacetyl glyerol, 30 μM ATP, 0.005 μCi/μL 33ATP, 0.25 mg/mL myelin basic protein, serial dilutions of enzastaurin (1-2,000 nM), and recombinant human PKCβII, PKCα, PKCε, or PKCγ enzymes (390, 169, 719, or 128 pM, respectively). Reactions are started by addition of the enzyme and incubated at room temperature for 60 minutes. They are then quenched with 10% H3PO4, transferred to multiscreen anionic phosphocellulose 96-well filter plates, incubated for 30 to 90 minutes, filtered and washed with 4 volumes of 0.5% H3PO4 on a vacuum manifold. Scintillation cocktail is added and plates are read on a Microbeta scintillation counter. IC50 values are determined by fitting a three-variable logistic equation to the 10-point dose-response data using ActivityBase 4.0.

[Cell Assay]

Induction of apoptosis by enzastaurin is measured by nucleosomal fragmentation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and staining in HCT116 and U87MG cell lines. Briefly, 5×103 cells are plated per well in 96-well plates (1% FBS-supplemented media conditions), incubated with or without Enzastaurin for 48 to 72 hours. The absorbance values are normalized to those from control-treated cells to derive a nucleosomal enrichment factor at all concentrations as per the manufacturer's protocol. The concentrations studied ranges from 0.1 to 10 μM. In situ TUNEL staining is assayed with the In situ Cell Death Detection, Fluorescein kit. Cells (7.5×104) are plated per well in 6-well plates and incubated 72 hours in 1% FBS-supplemented media Enzastaurin. Fluorescein-labeled DNA strand breaks are detected with the BD epics flow cytometer. Ten thousand, single-cell, FITC-staining events are collected for each test.

[References]

[1]. Rovedo MA, et al. Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 increases the cytotoxicity of enzastaurin. J Invest Dermatol, 2011, 131(7), 1442-1449.

[2]. Podar K, et al. Targeting PKC in multiple myeloma: in vitro and in vivo effects of the novel, orally available small-molecule inhibitor enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl). Blood, 2007, 109(4), 1669-1677.

[3]. Graff JR, et al. The protein kinase Cbeta-selective inhibitor, Enzastaurin (LY317615.HCl), suppresses signaling through the AKT pathway, induces apoptosis, and suppresses growth of human colon cancer and glioblastoma xenografts. Cancer Res, 2005, 65(16),

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.34

[ Boiling Point ]:
767.2±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
249-261℃

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₃₂H₂₉N₅O₂

[ Molecular Weight ]:
515.605

[ Flash Point ]:
417.8±32.9 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
515.232117

[ PSA ]:
72.16000

[ LogP ]:
4.43

[ Appearance of Characters ]:
powder,light orange to dark orange-red

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±2.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.723

[ Storage condition ]:
-20°C

[ Water Solubility ]:
DMSO: soluble10mg/mL, clear (warmed)

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302-H413

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn

[ Risk Phrases ]:
22

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
3

[ RTECS ]:
UX9626850

[ HS Code ]:
2933990090

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2933990090

[ Summary ]:
2933990090. heterocyclic compounds with nitrogen hetero-atom(s) only. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%