Pyrrolnitrin

Pyrrolnitrin is an antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. Pyrrolnitrin shows a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against fungi, yeast and gram-positive bacteria[1].

Research Areas >> Infection

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Fungal

Signaling Pathways >> Anti-infection >> Bacterial

Target: fungi, yeast and gram-positive bacteria[1]

Pyrrolnitrin (0-100 μg/ml) shows antibiotic activities against various bacteria and fungi with different MIC values. It against Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium, Bacillus subtillis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, and Trichophyton rubrum with MIC values of 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 0.78 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml, 12.5 μg/ml, and 1 μg/ml, respectively[1]. Pyrrolnitrin (0-100 μg/ml) exhibits antimicrobial effect in a microtitre plate assay. It against Arthrobacter oxydans ATCC 14358, Bacillus coagulans ATCC 7050, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6051, and Bacillus thuringiensis ATCC 10792 with MIC of 6.25 μg/ml[2].

[1]. K H van Pée, et al. Biosynthesis of Pyrrolnitrin and Other Phenylpyrrole Derivatives by Bacteria. Nat Prod Rep. 2000 Apr;17(2):157-64.

[2]. N el-Banna, et al. Pyrrolnitrin From Burkholderia Cepacia: Antibiotic Activity Against Fungi and Novel Activities Against Streptomycetes.J Appl Microbiol. 1998 Jul;85(1):69-78.

[3]. R S Gordee, et al.Systemic Antifungal Activity of Pyrrolnitrin.Appl Microbiol. 1969 May;17(5):690-4.

DATA ITEMS CITED :

7

MOLECULAR FORMULA :

C10-H6-Cl2-N2-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :

257.08

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :

T5MJ CG DR CG BNW

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - relaxation (isolated tissue)

REFERENCE :

JAJAAA Journal of Antibiotics, Series A. (Tokyo, Japan) V.6-20, 1953-67. For publisher information, see JANTAJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,211,1965

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

68 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - relaxation (isolated tissue)

REFERENCE :

JAJAAA Journal of Antibiotics, Series A. (Tokyo, Japan) V.6-20, 1953-67. For publisher information, see JANTAJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,211,1965

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :

>2400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

JAJAAA Journal of Antibiotics, Series A. (Tokyo, Japan) V.6-20, 1953-67. For publisher information, see JANTAJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,211,1965

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - relaxation (isolated tissue)

REFERENCE :

JAJAAA Journal of Antibiotics, Series A. (Tokyo, Japan) V.6-20, 1953-67. For publisher information, see JANTAJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,211,1965

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

86 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - relaxation (isolated tissue)

REFERENCE :

JAJAAA Journal of Antibiotics, Series A. (Tokyo, Japan) V.6-20, 1953-67. For publisher information, see JANTAJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,211,1965

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :

2 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

REFERENCE :

85GDA2 "CRC Handbook of Antibiotic Compounds," Vols.1- , Berdy, J., Boca Raton, FL, CRC Press, 1980- Volume(issue)/page/year: 5,44,1981

TYPE OF TEST :

LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :

Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :

Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :

105 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :

Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Gastrointestinal - relaxation (isolated tissue)

REFERENCE :

JAJAAA Journal of Antibiotics, Series A. (Tokyo, Japan) V.6-20, 1953-67. For publisher information, see JANTAJ. Volume(issue)/page/year: 18,211,1965