Improvement in erythropoieis-stimulating agent-induced pure red-cell aplasia by introduction of darbepoetin-α when the anti-erythropoietin antibody titer declines spontaneously.

Hajeong Lee, Jaeseok Yang, Hyosang Kim, Ju Won Kwon, Kook-Hwan Oh, Kwon Wook Joo, Yon Su Kim, Curie Ahn, Jin Suk Han, Suhnggwon Kim

Index: J. Korean Med. Sci. 25(11) , 1676-9, (2010)

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Abstract

Anti-erythropoietin antibodies usually cross-react with all kinds of recombinant erythropoietins; therefore, erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA)-induced pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) is not rescued by different ESAs. Here, we present a case of ESA-induced PRCA in a 36-yr-old woman with chronic kidney disease, whose anemic condition improved following reintroduction of darbepoetin-α. The patient developed progressive, severe anemia after the use of erythropoietin-α. As the anemia did not improve after the administration of either other erythropoietin-α products or erythropoietin-β, all ESAs were discontinued. Oxymetholone therapy failed to improve the transfusion-dependent anemia and a rechallenge with ESAs continuously failed to obtain a sustained response. However, her anemia improved following reintroduction of darbepoetin-α at 3 yr after the initial diagnosis. Interestingly, anti-erythropoietin antibodies were still detectable, although their concentration was too low for titration. In conclusion, darbepoetin-α can improve ESA-induced PRCA when the anti-erythropoietin antibody titer declines and its neutralizing capacity is lost.