Inhibition of group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A2 by novel 2-oxoamides in vitro, in cells, and in vivo.

George Kokotos, David A Six, Vassilios Loukas, Timothy Smith, Violetta Constantinou-Kokotou, Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina, Stavroula Kotsovolou, Antonia Chiou, Christopher C Beltzner, Edward A Dennis

Index: J. Med. Chem. 47 , 3615-3628, (2004)

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Abstract

The Group IVA cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (GIVA PLA(2)) is a particularly attractive target for drug development because it is the rate-limiting provider of proinflammatory mediators. We previously reported the discovery of novel 2-oxoamides that inhibit GIVA PLA(2) [Kokotos, G.; et al. J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 2891-2893]. In the present work, we have further explored this class of inhibitors and found that the 2-oxoamide functionality is more potent when it contains a long 2-oxoacyl residue and a free carboxy group. Long-chain 2-oxoamides based on gamma-aminobutyric acid and gamma-norleucine are potent inhibitors of GIVA PLA(2). Such inhibitors act through a fast and reversible mode of inhibition in vitro, are able to block the production of arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E(2) in cells, and demonstrate potent in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity.