The Chemistry of Stable Carbenes. Part 2. Benzoin??type condensations of formaldehyde catalyzed by stable carbenes
…, JP Melder, K Ebel, R Schneider, E Gehrer…
Index: Teles, J. Henrique; Melder, Johann-Peter; Ebel, Klaus; Schneider, Regina; Gehrer, Eugen; Harder, Wolfgang; Brode, Stefan; Enders, Dieter; Breuer, Klaus; Raabe, Gerhard Helvetica Chimica Acta, 1996 , vol. 79, # 1 p. 61 - 83
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Citation Number: 177
Abstract
Abstract Stable carbenes derived from thiazole, 1H-imidazole, and 4H-1, 2, 4-triazole are efficient catalysts for benzointype condensations of formaldehyde. Catalysts derived from N- substituted thiazolium salts trimerize formaldehyde to dihydroxyacetone (II). Catalysts based on 1, 4-disubstituted 4H-1, 2, 4-triazol-1-ium salts give glycolaldehyde (I) as the main product and no II, whereas N, N′-disubstituted 1H-imidazol-3-ium salts yield mixtures of ...
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