Mechanism of maprotiline-induced apoptosis: role of [Ca2+](i), ERK, JNK and caspase-3 signaling pathways.

Chung-Ren Jan, Jian-An Su, Chih-Chuan Teng, Meei-Ling Sheu, Paul-Yann Lin, Miao-Ching Chi, Chia-Hao Chang, Wayne C Liao, Chun-Chi Kuo, Chiang-Ting Chou

Index: Toxicology 304 , 1-12, (2013)

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Abstract

Antidepressants are generally used for treatment of various mood and anxiety disorders. Several studies have shown the anti-tumor and cytotoxic activities of some antidepressants, but the underlying mechanisms were unclear. Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant and possesses a highly selective norepinephrine reuptake ability. We found that maprotiline decreased cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner in Neuro-2a cells. Maprotiline induced apoptosis and increased caspase-3 activation. The activation of caspase-3 by maprotiline appears to depend on the activation of JNK and the inactivation of ERK. Maprotiline also induced [Ca(2+)](i) increases which involved the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stored in the endoplasmic reticulum. Pretreatment with BAPTA/AM, a Ca(2+) chelator, suppressed maprotiline-induced ERK phosphorylation, enhanced caspase-3 activation and increased maprotiline-induced apoptosis. In conclusion, maprotiline induced apoptosis in Neuro-2a cells through activation of JNK-associated caspase-3 pathways. Maprotiline also evoked an anti-apoptotic response that was both Ca(2+)- and ERK-dependent.Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.