Organic Process Research & Development 2009-03-01

Refined Synthesis of 2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1,3,3-trimethyldipyrrin, a Deceptively Simple Precursor to Hydroporphyrins.

Marcin Ptaszek, Jayeeta Bhaumik, Han-Je Kim, Masahiko Taniguchi, JonathanS Lindsey

Index: Org. Process Res. Dev. 9(5) , 651-659, (2005)

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Abstract

2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-1,3,3-trimethyldipyrrin (1) is a crucial building block in the rational synthesis of chlorins and oxochlorins. The prior 5-step synthesis of 1 from pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde (2) employed relatively simple and well-known reactions yet suffered from several drawbacks, including limited scale (>/= 0.5 g of 1 per run). A streamlined preparation of 1 has been developed that entails four steps: (i) nitro-aldol condensation of 2 and nitromethane under neat conditions to give 2-(2-nitrovinyl)pyrrole (3), (ii) reduction of 3 with NaBH(4) to give 2-(2-nitroethyl)pyrrole (4), (iii) Michael addition of 4 with mesityl oxide under neat conditions or at high concentration to give gamma-nitrohexanonepyrrole 5, and (iv) reductive cyclization of 5 with zinc/ammonium formate to give 1. Several multistep transformations have been established, including the direct conversion of 2 --> 1. The advantages of the new procedures include (1) fewer steps, (2) avoidance of several problematic reagents, (3) diminished consumption of solvents and reagents, (4) lessened reliance on chromatography, and (5) scalability. The new procedures facilitate the preparation of 1 at the multigram scale.