Molecules 2010-02-01

Microwave-assisted and efficient solvent-free knoevenagel condensation. A sustainable protocol using porous calcium hydroxyapatite as catalyst.

Siham Mallouk, Khalid Bougrin, Abdelaziz Laghzizil, Rachid Benhida

Index: Molecules 15(2) , 813-23, (2010)

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Abstract

A sustainable Knoevenagel condensation of a series of aldehydes with malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate is described. The process is based on the combination of microwave activation and hydroxyapatite catalysis under solvent-free conditions. Products are obtained in and high yields after short reaction times. The effects of the specific surface of porous calcium hydroxyapatite and microwave activation are discussed.