Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 2013-01-01

Structural basis of the binding of fatty acids to peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP-S through second binding site.

Pradeep Sharma, Shavait Yamini, Divya Dube, Amar Singh, Gorakh Mal, Nisha Pandey, Mau Sinha, Abhay Kumar Singh, Sharmistha Dey, Punit Kaur, Dipendra K Mitra, Sujata Sharma, Tej P Singh

Index: Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 529(1) , 1-10, (2013)

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Abstract

Short peptidoglycan recognition protein (PGRP-S) is a member of the mammalian innate immune system. PGRP-S from Camelus dromedarius (CPGRP-S) has been shown to bind to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lipoteichoic acid (LTA) and peptidoglycan (PGN). Its structure consists of four molecules A, B, C and D with ligand binding clefts situated at A-B and C-D contacts. It has been shown that LPS, LTA and PGN bind to CPGRP-S at C-D contact. The cleft at the A-B contact indicated features that suggested a possible binding of fatty acids including mycolic acid of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Therefore, binding studies of CPGRP-S were carried out with fatty acids, butyric acid, lauric acid, myristic acid, stearic acid and mycolic acid which showed affinities in the range of 10(-5) to 10(-8) M. Structure determinations of the complexes of CPGRP-S with above fatty acids showed that they bound to CPGRP-S in the cleft at the A-B contact. The flow cytometric studies showed that mycolic acid induced the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IFN-γ by CD3+ T cells. The concentrations of cytokines increased considerably with increasing concentrations of mycolic acid. However, their levels decreased substantially on adding CPGRP-S.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.