Abstract: Uridines found in the first or wobble position of transfer RNA anticodons are most often modified at base ring carbon-5 and many times also thiolated at carbon-2. It is important to understand the chemistry and structure of the modified uridines because they influence codon recognition by tRNA. Uridine and five biologically important 5-position derivatives and the six analogous 2-thiouridines were all investigated by high- ...