... Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis. ... The synthesis of chiral 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid esters (eg, “Roche ester” 3a) based on the ... 9 G. Shang, X. Zhang, Phospholes, Phospholenes, Phospholanes and Phosphinanes, in: Phosphorus Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis, (Ed.: A ...