External ID: USP8 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of USP8: Primary Screen
1.#Compound, 20 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 20 uM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076) (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
2.#Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
3.#Reagent, 2.5 uL of USP8 in assay buffer (final concentration of 1 nM) to columns 1-46
4.#Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 50 nM) to all wells
5.#Time, Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes
6.#Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of USP8 (USP8_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: MH081226: Primary HTS for Inhibitors of a Novel Necrotic Cell Death Pathway # Jurkat FADD-/- Model.

Protocol: Necroptosis Assay Protocol TNF-alpha Induced Cell Death in Jurkat FADD-/- Cells.

Based on the assay development experiments performed by the PMLSC the following assay conditions were selected for the 384-well TNF-alpha Jurkat FADD-/- necroptosis screen:
1. 20,000 Jurkat FADD-/- cells/well were seeded in 40 uL of complete media in white opaque 384-well microtiter plates.
2. Plate controls, compounds (10 uM final in well) and 40 ng/mL TNF-alpha were added in a single addition and cells were incubated for an additional 24 hrs at 37#C and 5% CO2.
3. 25 uL of Cell Titer Glo reagent was added to each well and the resulting luminescence measurement of cellular ATP levels was read on the Envision after 15 minutes at ambient temperature.

Materials:
1. Complete Media: RPMI1640 with L-glutamine, Penicillin-Streptomycin, 10% Newborn calf serum
2. Jurkat FADD-/- Cells: 20,000 cells/well in 40 μL complete media
3. TNF-alpha: 50 ug/mL stock in DMSO; final concentration = 40 ng/mL
4. Cell Titer Glo: use at 25 μL/well

Protocol:
1. Jurkat FADD-/- cells are seeded at 20,000 cells/well in 40 uL of complete media into 384-well white opaque-bottom polypropylene plates (Greiner Bio-one Cat #781080).
2.Compounds (10 uM final concentration) are added to the respective wells in a total volume of 10 uL/well.
3. Maximum and minimum controls (DMSO at 0.18% final concentration and TNF-alpha at 40 ng/mL final concentration respectively) are added to assay plates at 20 uL/well
4. TNF-alpha (40 ng/mL final concentration) is added at 10 uL/well to respective wells with compounds.
5. Cell plates are incubated overnight at 37#C and 5% CO2.
6. 25 uL Cell Titer Glo is added to each well and the luminescence signal is read on the Envision after 15 minutes.

Plate Controls:
Max: 0.18% DMSO in complete media
Min: 40 ng/mL TNF-alpha0.08% DMSO) + 0.1% DMSO in complete media (final DMSO concentration = 0.18%)

Comment: The TNF-alpha induced Jurkat FADD-/- necroptosis Assay HTS run at the PMLSC utilized % activation calculated from maximum (n=32) and minimum (n=24) plate controls, with a hit criteria of >/= 50% activation to identify active compounds.

TNF-alpha Jurkat FADD-/- necroptosis Assay Activity scoring rules:

PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_OUTCOME

1 - Substance is considered inactive when the % activation is < 50%
2 - Substance is considered active when % activation is >/= 50%
3 - Substance activity outcome is inconclusive

PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE

0-40 scoring range is reserved for primary HTS data
a) if the % activation is >/= 50%, the score is 40.
b) if the % activation is < 50 %, the score is 0.

Definition of a Hit:
Rapid HTS screen ≥ 50% inhibition of death at 10 uM.
Confirmation of ≥ 50% inhibition of TNF-alpha induced Jurkat FADD-/- cell death in 2 independent tests.
Concentration Response AC50 < 20 uM in the Jurkat FADD-/- cell death model.
Structural Verification
Indications of Specificity & Selectivity ~ PubChem X-target Query
Evidence of SAR.

External ID: USP17 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of USP17: Primary Screen
1. Compound, 50 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 50 uM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076) (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
2. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of USP17 in assay buffer (final concentration of 1 nM) to columns 1-46
4. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 40 nM) to all wells
5. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 3 hours
6. Reagent, 2.5 uL of stop buffer to all wells
7. Centrifuge plates (5s, 350 rpm)
8. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of USP17 (USP17_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: USP7 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of USP7: Primary Screen
1. Reagent, 2.5 uL of USP7 in assay buffer (final concentration of 4 nM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076)
2. Compound, 20 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 20 uM) to columns 1-46 (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
4. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 60 minutes
5. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 40 nM) to all wells
6. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes
7. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of USP7 (USP7_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: MH080376 Biochemical HTS for Inhibitors of the Proprotein Convertase Furin.

Protocol: Biochemical Furin HTS Assay protocol

Reaction Buffer Concentrations (final concentrations): 50 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM beta-mercaptoethanol , 0.2 mg/ml BSA.

Substrate Stock Solution: 10 mM pERTKR-AMC in DMSO; stored in aliquots at -20 oC.

rhFurin714 prep (5.2 units/uL)Stored in aliquots at -80oC.

Furin Assay Protocol

The assay involves three liquid transfer steps of 5 uL each of 30 uM compound in 1% DMSO (10 uM final), 1 unit/5 uL rhFurin714 in 3X reaction buffer and 5 #L of 30 uM pERTKR-AMC substrate (10 uM final).

The assay plates used are Greiner 384-well, flat-bottom, low volume, black polystyrene plates (VWR catalog # 784076).

1. Add 5 uL of compound/controls to each well.
2. Add 5 uL of rhFurin714 in 3X buffer (1.0 units/well final).
3. Add 5 uL of 30 uM pERTKR-AMC fluorigenic substrate (10 uM/well final).
4. Incubate the plates for 1 hr at room temperature.
5. Stop the reaction by adding 5 uL of 1M Acetic acid.
6. Measure the amount of fluorigenic AMC released on the SpectraMax M5 using Ex = 345nm; Em = 440nm; cut-off 420 nm.

Comment: Active Criteria, Secondary Assay Plan, Hit and Lead Criteria.

Furin HTS Activity scoring rules:

The Furin inhibitor HTS run at the PMLSC utilized % inhibition calculated from maximum (n=32) and minimum (n=24) plate controls, with a hit criteria of >/= 25% inhibition to identify active compounds.

Furin Inhibitor scoring rules:

PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_OUTCOME

1 - Substance is considered inactive when the % inhibition is < 25 %
2 - Substance is considered active when % activation is >/= 25 %
3 - Substance activity outcome is inconclusive

PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE

0-40 scoring range is reserved for primary HTS data
a) if the % inhibition is >/= 25 %, the score is 40.
b) if the % inhibition is < 25 %, the score is 0.

Definition of Hit Criteria:
It is anticipated that all Furin inhibitor HTS actives will be confirmed in duplicate at the primary HTS concentration of 30 uM.
Furin inhibitor actives confirmed in the primary HTS format will then be run in 10-pt IC50 concentration response curves.
Confirmed hits will be subjected to structural confirmation by LCMS.

Secondary assay testing paradigm: Confirmed concentration dependent Furin inhibitors will be tested in the HeLa pcFur1.6 cell based ELISA assay.

External ID: MH083223 Targeting HIV-1 Nef with Small Molecules

Protocol: HIV Hck:Nef HTS Protocol
1. Recombinant Hck-YEEI protein, was purified to homogeneity from Sf-9 insect cells
2. Recombinant HIV-1 Nef (SF2 strain), was purified to homogeneity from E. coli
3. Z-Lyte assay reagents were purchased from (Invitrogen).

Several Hck and Nef protein preparations provided by the assay provider were utilized in the HTS campaign, and several Hck:Nef protein ratios were utilized 10 ng + 50 ng, 12.5 ng + 75 ng, 15 ng + 75 ng, and 20 ng + 100 ng in the 384-well HTS assay.

HTS Protocol:
1. Thaw compound plates, 2uL of 1 mM in 100% DMSO.
2. Spin compound plates down, 5 min 50 x g.
3. Dilute 2 uL 1mM compounds with 23ul of water on Flex Drop (80 uM, 8% DMSO).
4. Mix and Transfer 2.5ul of compound to assay plate on EP3.
5. Transfer 5ul of Max (2.5ul DMSO and 2.5ul Hck:Nef) and Min (2.5ul DMSO and 2.5ul Hck/1x kinase) controls (from pre-made control plates) to assay plate on EP3.
6. Add 2.5ul of Hck:Nef to assay plate(340 wells), spin down and incubate for 30 min at ambient temperature (40 uM, 4% DMSO).
7. Add 5 uL of ATP/Tyr complex to whole plate on MicroFlow, spin down plates and put on shaker to incubate at ambient temperature for 50 min (20 uM, 2% DMSO).
8. Add Development buffer to whole plate on MicroFlow, spin down plates and put on shaker to incubate at ambient temperature for 60 min.
9. Add Stop reagent to whole plate on MicroFlow, spin down.
10. Read Donor to Acceptor FRET Emission Ratio on M5 plate reader within 2 hrs. Excitation of the donor fluorophore at 400 nm, Donor to Acceptor FRET Ratio = ratio of Coumarin emission 445 nm to Fluorescein emission 520 nm.

Comment: Hck-Nef Assay HTS Activity scoring rules:
The 384-well format Hck-Nef inhibitor HTS run at the PMLSC utilized % inhibition calculated from maximum (n=32) and minimum (n=24) plate controls, with a hit criteria of >/= 50% inhibition to identify active compounds.
Max control: 2.5ul DMSO and 2.5ul Hck:Nef
Min control: 2.5ul DMSO and 2.5ul Hck/1x kinase (No Nef)
Hck-Nef Inhibitor scoring rules:
PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_OUTCOME
1 - Substance is considered inactive when the % inhibition is < 50 %
2 - Substance is considered active when % inhibition is >/= 50 %
3 - Substance activity outcome is inconclusive
PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE
0-40 scoring range is reserved for primary HTS data
a) if the % inhibition is >/= 50 %, the score is 40.
b) if the % inhibition is < 50 %, the score is 0.

External ID: HIV1-VIF_MS

Protocol: The assay protocol for screening and testing compounds included plating a mixture of GST-Vif "donor" protein and bio-A3G "acceptor" peptide with test compounds in white, non-binding surface 1536-well plates. LANCE reagents were purchased from PerkinElmer. Briefly, 15nM GST-Vif protein was added to the assay plate containing test compounds. Following a 30 minute incubation, 500 nM bio-A3G peptide was added. Following another 30 minute incubation, 2 nM Eu-labeled anti-GST and 50 nM streptavidin-Ulight detection reagents were added to the assay plate and incubated for 1 hour. After the final incubation, TR-FRET signals were measured using an Envision microplate reader with excitation at 340 nm and emission at 615 and 665 nm. The emission at 615 nm from Eu-labeled anti-GST induces emission at 665 nm from Ulight conjugated to streptavidin when the two molecules are in close proximity, resulting in a FRET signal. GST-Vif binding to the bio-A3G peptide produced a significant increase in the FRET signal over background levels measured in the presence of GST.

To evaluate the screening results each plate included negative and positive controls. Negative control wells included all assay components in the absence of an inhibitor and positive control wells included all assay components with GST-Vif 1-94 protein replaced by GST protein. Percent inhibition was determined as: 100*((Test Compound Signal - Median Negative Control Signal)/(Median Positive Control Signal - Median Negative Control Signal)).

Comment: In the Dose Response, compounds that showed >30% inhibition for at least one concentration were considered potentially active, however some compounds were tested in dose response on more than one occasion. If conflicting results were observed, the compound was deemed "inconclusive". Only compounds that consistently showed activity across all test dates were labeled "Active". Any compounds in the primary screen active range that were not available for testing in dose response were labeled "Inconslusive".
The following tiered system has been implemented at Southern Research Institute for use with the PubChem Score. Compounds in the primary screen are scored on a scale of 0-40 based on inhibitory activity where a score of 40 corresponds to 100% inhibition. In the confirmatory dose response screen, active compounds were scored on a scale of 41-80 based on the average IC50 result, inconclusive compounds were given the lowest confirmatory score of 41, and compounds that were tested and did not confirm as actives were given the score 0.

External ID: BCCG-A235-SUMO-HTRF-Assay

Protocol: Assay materials:
1) E1, E2, GST-SUMO and His6-RanGap-1 proteins were obtained from the assay provider's laboratory.
2) Assay Buffer: 50mM Tris-HCl pH 7.4, 0.3mM DTT, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.005% Tween-20
3) Anti-GST XL665 and Anti-His Europium-labeled antibodies were purchased from Cis-Bio (Cat # 61GSTXLB and 61HISXLB)
4) Corning 1536-well, white plates (Cat #3725)

uHTS Procedure
1) Dispense 2ul of assay buffer into columns 1 and 2, and 2ul of Mixture 1, containing 37.5 nM E1 and 100 nM His-RanGap-1 in the assay buffer, into columns 3-48 of the 1536-well assay plate.
2) Using a HighRes biosolutions pintool dispense 70nl of 2mM compounds in DMSO to columns 5-48
3) Dispense 70nl of DMSO to columns 1-4.
4) Using Thermo Scientific MultiDrop Combi, dispense 2 uL of Mixture 2, containing 20 mM ATP, 12.5 nM E2 and 30 nM GST-SUMO in assay buffer, to all wells.
5) Incubate for 30 min. at room temperature.
6) Add 1ul of 500 mM KF
7) Read plate on a BMG Labtech PheraStar in a Homogeneous Time-Resolved
Fluorescence mode (Ex: 337 nm; Em: 620/665 nm). The ratio of fluorescence 665 over 620 was utilized as a readout of the assay.
8) Data analysis was performed using CBIS software (ChemInnovations, Inc).
9) The value of fluorescence at 620 nm for each sample was normalized to the value of the average value of fluorescence at 620 nm in the plate negative control wells to calculate F_ratio parameter.

Procedure for dose-response confirmation assay

1) Using Thermo Scientific MultiDrop Combi, dispense 2ul of assay buffer into columns 1 and 2, and 2ul of Mixture 1, containing 37.5 nM E1 and 100 nM His-RanGap-1 in the assay buffer, into columns 3-48 of the 1536-well assay plate.
3) Using Labcyte Echo550, dispense 70 nL of serially diluted compounds to columns 5-48 and DMSO to columns 1-4.
4) Using Thermo Scientific MultiDrop Combi, dispense 2 uL of Mixture 2, containing 20 mM ATP, 12.5 nM E2 and 30 nM GST-SUMO in assay buffer, to all wells.
5) Incubate lidded plate for 30 min. at room temp.
6) Add 1ul of 500 mM KF
7) Read plate on a BMG Labtech PheraStar in a Homogeneous Time-Resolved
Fluorescence mode (Ex: 337 nm; Em: 620/665 nm). The ratio of fluorescence 665 over 620 was utilized as a readout of the assay.
8) Data analysis was performed using CBIS software (ChemInnovations, Inc).

Comment: Compounds that demonstrated an inhibition of >= 50% and 0.5 <= F_ratio <= 1.5 at 35 uM concentration are defined as actives in primary HTS assay. Compounds with Inhibition >= 50% that demonstrate F_ratios outside these boundaries are optically interfering with the assay (quenching or fluorescent) and the results are marked as "inconclusive".

The compounds identified as primary screening actives proceed to single-concentration confirmation stage. These compounds were retested in duplicate at a single 35 uM concentration in confirmation screen. Compounds with an average of >= 33% inhibition are considered active of the confirmation assay.

Substance SID26670119 was reordered for the confirmation assay. A different batch of the compound, SID7970403, was received and used.

Compounds with an IC50 < 100 uM are considered active in the dose response assay.
To simplify the distinction between the inactives of the primary screen and of the confirmatory screening stage, the Tiered Activity Scoring System was developed and implemented. Its utilization for the assay is described below.

Activity Scoring
Activity scoring rules were devised to take into consideration compound efficacy, its potential interference with the assay and the screening stage that the data was obtained. Details of the Scoring System will be published elsewhere. Briefly, the outline of the scoring system utilized for the assay is as follows:
1) First tier (0-40 range) is reserved for primary screening data-the score is correlated with % inhibition in the assay demonstrated by a compound at 35 uM concentration:
a. If primary % inhibition is less than 0%, then the assigned score is 0
b. If primary % inhibition is greater than 100%, then the assigned score is 40/(1+(F_ratio - 1)^2)
c. If primary % inhibition is between 0% and 100%, then the calculated score is (%inhibition)*0.4/(1+(F_ratio-1)^2)
d. For compounds retested at 35 uM, if primary % inhibition is greater than 100%, then the assigned score is 40
e. For compounds retested at 35 uM, if primary % inhibition is between 0% and 100%, then the calculated score is %inhibition)*0.4

2) Second tier (41-80 range) is reserved for dose-response confirmation data
a. Inactive compounds of the confirmatory stage are assigned a score value equal 41.
b. The score is linearly correlated with a compound's potency and, in addition, provides a measure of the likelihood that the compound is not an artifact based on the available information.
c. The Hill coefficient is taken as a measure of compound behavior in the assay via an additional scaling factor QC:
QC = 2.6*[exp(-0.5*nH^2) - exp(-1.5*nH^2)]

This empirical factor prorates the likelihood of target- or pathway-specific compound effect vs. its non-specific behavior in the assay. This factor is based on expectation that a compound with a single mode of action that achieved equilibrium in the eIF4H assay demonstrates the Hill coefficient value of 1. Compounds deviating from that behavior are penalized proportionally to the degree of their deviation.
d. Summary equation that takes into account all the items discussed above is
Score = 44 + 6*(pIC50-3)*QC,
Where pIC50 is a negative log(10) of the IC50 value expressed in mole/L concentration units. This equation results in the Score values above 50 for compounds that demonstrate high potency and predictable behavior. Compounds that are inactive in the assay or whose concentration-dependent behavior are likely to be an artifact of that assay will generally have lower Score values.

3) Third tier (81-100 range) is reserved for resynthesized true positives and their analogues and is not applicable in this assay

External ID: USP28 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of USP28: Primary Screen
1. Compound, 25 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 25 uM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076) (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
2. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of USP28 in assay buffer (final concentration of 0.5 nM) to columns 1-46
4. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 12 nM) to all wells
5. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 30 minutes
6. Reagent, 2.5 uL of stop buffer to all wells
7. Centrifuge plates (5s, 350 rpm)
8. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of USP28 (USP28_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: USP10 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of USP10: Primary Screen
1. Compound, 20 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 20 uM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076) (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
2. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of USP10 in assay buffer (final concentration of 15 nM) to columns 1-46
4. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 15 nM) to all wells
5. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 60 minutes
6. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of USP10 (USP10_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: UCHL1 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of UCHL1: Primary Screen
1. Reagent, 2.5 uL of UCHL1 in assay buffer (final concentration of 1 nM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076)
2. Compound, 20 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 20 uM) to columns 1-46 (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
4. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 60 minutes
5. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 7 nM) to all wells
6. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 10 minutes
7. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of UCHL1 (UCHL1_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: OTUD3 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of OTUD3: Primary Screen
1. Compound, 25 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 25 uM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076) (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
2. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of OTUD3 in assay buffer (final concentration of 12 nM) to columns 1-46
4. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 40 nM) to all wells
5. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 2 hours
6. Reagent, 2.5 uL of stop buffer to all wells
7. Centrifuge plates (5s, 350 rpm)
8. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of OTUD3 (OTUD3_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: BCCG-A237-eIF4H-FP-Assay

Protocol: HTS Assay Protocol

Assay materials:
1) His6-eIF4H (Obtained from Assay Provider)
2) 5'-fluorescein-labeled poly(U)10 (Purchased from Dharmacon)
3) Assay Buffer: 5 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 0.005 % Tween-20

Procedure:
1. Dispense 2 ul of assay buffer into columns 1 and 2 of a black, Corning (#2725) 1536 well assay plate.
2. Add 2 ul of eIF4H protein, 30 nM final concentration into columns 3-48.
3. Add 2 ul of 5'-fluorescein-labeled poly(A)10 2.5 nM final concentration into columns 1-48.
4. Using a HighRes biosolutions pintool dispense 70 nl of 2 mM compounds in DMSO to columns 5-48.
5. Using a HighRes biosolutions pintool dispense 70 nl of DMSO to columns 1-4.
6. Read plate on a BMG PHERAstar at 485/520/520nm in Fluorescence Polarization mode.
i. Positioning delay = 0.0
ii. Flashes/well = 10
7. Data analysis was performed using CBIS software (ChemInnovations, Inc).
8. Fluorescence intensity of each sample was normalized to the average fluorescence intensity value of the plate negative control wells to calculate F_ratio parameter.

Dose Response Protocol

Assay materials:
1) His6-eIF4H (Obtained from Assay Provider)
2) 5#-fluorescein-labeled poly(U)10 (Purchased from Dharmacon)
3) Assay Buffer: 5 mM Hepes pH 7.5, 0.005 % Tween-20

Procedure:
1. Using a Labcyte Echo, DMSO and test compounds are transferred to wells of a black, Corning 1536 well assay plate. DMSO only is transferred to columns 1-4 (Control wells), while varying volumes of test compounds are transferred to columns 5-48 to achieve the desired test concentrations. Compounds are transferred from a 2 mM stock to give the stated final concentration. Test compound wells in the assay plate are back-filled with DMSO to equalize final assay concentrations.
2. After compounds have been added, dispense 2 ul of assay buffer into columns 1 and 2 of a black, Corning (#2725) 1536 well assay plate.
3. Add 2 ul of eIF4H protein, 30 nM final concentration into columns 3-48.
4. Add 2 ul of 5#-fluorescein-labeled poly(A)10 2.5 nM final concentration into columns 1-48.
5. Read plate on a BMG PHERAstar at 485/520/520nm in Fluorescence Polarization mode.
i. Positioning delay = 0.0
ii. Flashes/well = 10
6. Data analysis was performed using CBIS software (ChemInnovations, Inc).
7. Fluorescence intensity of each sample was normalized to the average fluorescence intensity value of the plate negative control wells to calculate F_ratio parameter.

Comment: Compounds that demonstrated % activity of >= 50 % and 0.4 =< F_ratio <= 1.5 at 35 uM concentration are defined as actives of the primary screen in this assay. Compounds with activity >50% that demonstrate F_ratios outside these boundaries are optically compounds interfering with the assay (quenching or fluorescent) and the results are marked as "inconclusive".

Selected compounds from the primary screen were retested and those that confirmed in duplicate at 20uM concentration were considered "active". If the results of the duplicates were not consistent they are marked as "inconclusive."

Compounds were tested in a dose response assay and those with an IC50 < 100 uM are considered to be "active."

To simplify the distinction between the inactives of the primary screen and of the confirmatory screening stage, the Tiered Activity Scoring System was developed and implemented. Its utilization for the assay is described below.

Activity Scoring
Activity scoring rules were devised to take into consideration compound efficacy, its potential interference with the assay and the screening stage that the data was obtained. Details of the Scoring System will be published elsewhere. Briefly, the outline of the scoring system utilized for the assay is as follows:
1) First tier (0-40 range) is reserved for primary screening data-the score is correlated with %Inhibition in the assay demonstrated by a compound at 35 uM concentration:
a. If primary %Inhibition is less than 0%, then the assigned score is 0
b. If primary %Inhibition is greater than 100%, then the assigned score is 40/(1+(F_ratio - 1)^2)
c. If primary %Inhibition is between 0% and 100%, then the calculated score is (%Inhibition)*0.4/(1+(F_ratio-1)^2)

2) Second tier (41-80 range) is reserved for dose-response confirmation data
a. Inactive compounds of the confirmatory stage are assigned a score value equal 41.
b. The score is linearly correlated with a compound's potency and, in addition, provides a measure of the likelihood that the compound is not an artifact based on the available information.
c. The Hill coefficient is taken as a measure of compound behavior in the assay via an additional scaling factor QC:
QC = 2.6*[exp(-0.5*nH^2) - exp(-1.5*nH^2)]

This empirical factor prorates the likelihood of target- or pathway-specific compound effect vs. its non-specific behavior in the assay. This factor is based on expectation that a compound with a single mode of action that achieved equilibrium in the eIF4H assay demonstrates the Hill coefficient value of 1. Compounds deviating from that behavior are penalized proportionally to the degree of their deviation.
d. Summary equation that takes into account all the items discussed above is
Score = 44 + 6*(pIC50-3)*QC,
Where pIC50 is a negative log(10) of the IC50 value expressed in mole/L concentration units. This equation results in the Score values above 50 for compounds that demonstrate high potency and predictable behavior. Compounds that are inactive in the assay or whose concentration-dependent behavior are likely to be an artifact of that assay will generally have lower Score values.

3) Third tier (81-100 range) is reserved for resynthesized true positives and their analogues and is not applicable in to this assay

External ID: USP30 FAST DUB HTS Primary

Protocol: Deubiquitinases were purified from E. Coli. Ub-Rho substrate was purchased from Boston BioChem (Cat #: U-555). Assay buffer consisted of 50 mM Tris pH 8, 50 mM NaCl, 0.002% Tween20, 5 mM DTT in MilliQ water. Stop buffer consisted of assay buffer + 0.2% trifluoroacetic acid.

Protocol for Inhibitors of USP30: Primary Screen
1. Compound, 25 nL of screening compounds (final concentration of 25 uM) to columns 1-46 of a Greiner 1536 well Black, flat bottom, polystyrene microplate (Griener 782076) (columns 45-46: DMSO control)
2. Reagent, 2.5 uL of assay buffer to columns 47-48 on all plates (No enzyme control)
3. Reagent, 2.5 uL of USP30 in assay buffer (final concentration of 1 nM) to columns 1-46
4. Reagent, 2.5 uL of Ub-Rho in assay buffer (final concentration of 12 nM) to all wells
5. Time, Incubate at room temperature for 2 hours
6. Reagent, 2.5 uL of stop buffer to all wells
7. Centrifuge plates (5s, 350 rpm)
8. Detection, Fluorescence, PheraStar, FITC Module

Comment: Normalization of raw data to positive and negative control wells were applied to the data using Helios, a high-throughput screening data analysis program developed at Novartis.(Gubler et al., 2018)

Compounds demonstrating greater than or equal to 30% inhibition of USP30 (USP30_EFFICACY >/= 30) were called as active, compounds demonstrating activity below this threshold were called as inactive.

External ID: FLUC100

Protocol: NCGC Assay Protocol Summary:

Reagents: 50mM Tris acetate, pH 7.5; 10mM Mg acetate; 10uM D-luciferin (Sigma #L9504); 10uM ATP; 0.01% Tween-20; 0.05% BSA; 10nM P. pyralis luciferase (Sigma #L9506)
Control compounds used were two known firefly luciferase inhibitors (compounds (2) and (5) in Auld et al., 2010), and DMSO.

Assay Summary:
Three microliters containing firefly luciferase substrates in buffer (final concentrations: 50mM Tris acetate, pH 7.5, 10mM Mg acetate, 0.01% Tween-20, 0.05% BSA, 10uM D-luciferin, and 10uM ATP) are dispensed into each well of a Greiner white, solid-bottom 1536-well format plate using a flying reagent dispenser (FRD). These assay plates were then treated with 23nL of compound or DMSO using a Kalypsys pin tool, which allows for delivery of a 6-point interplate titration of each compound to the assay plate (quantitative HTS), with a final compound concentrations ranging from approximately 60muM to 7pM. One microliter of firefly luciferase in 500mM Tris-acetate buffer was then delivered by FRD to each well for a final enzyme concentration of 10nM. Luciferase activity was then measured using a ViewLux CCD imager (PerkinElmer), with an average exposure time of 2-30 seconds (2X binning, medium/high gain).

Keywords: NIH Roadmap, MLPCN, MLSMR, qHTS, miR-21, firefly luciferase, FLuc, miRNA.

Comment: Compound Ranking:

1. Compounds are first classified as having full titration curves, partial modulation, partial curve (weaker actives), single point activity (at highest concentration only), or inactive. See data field "Curve Description". For this assay, apparent inhibitors are ranked higher than compounds that showed apparent activation.
2. For all inactive compounds, PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE is 0. For all active compounds, a score range was given for each curve class type given above. Active compounds have PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE between 40 and 100. Inconclusive compounds have PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE between 1 and 39. Fit_LogAC50 was used for determining relative score and was scaled to each curve class' score range.

External ID: MH083154

Protocol: Materials
MATERIALS
MEF-GFP-LC3 cells (provided by Dr. Xiao-Ming Yin, University of Pittsburgh)
384 well flat bottom microplates, collagen-coated (Falcon Biocoat)
DMEM growth medium (Gibco), supplemented with 10% Fetal bovine serum (HyClone) and antibiotics
Thapsigargin (Molecular Probes T-7459), dissolved in DMSO at 1 mM and frozen in aliquots at -20oC.
DMSO (Sigma 15,493-8)
Formaldehyde, 37 wt. % solution in water, A.C.S. reagent (Sigma 252549)
Test compounds plated into 384 well microplates (Greiner polypropylene).
Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS, Fisher SH3026802)
Hoechst 33342 (Molecular Probes/Invitrogen H-1399)

PROTOCOL
Day 1. Cell seeding.
Plate 5,000 MEF-GFP-LC3 cells/40 [micro]L complete growth medium into the wells of collagen-coated 384 well microplates and incubate overnight at 37oC, 5% CO2.
Day 2. Compound treatment.
Thaw compound plates containing 2 [micro]L of 1 mM drug in DMSO.
Reconstitute wells A3:P22 of library compound plates in 38 [micro]L complete growth medium. Intermediate concentrations are 50 [micro]M compound and 5% DMSO
Load appropriate control wells on reconstituted library compound plates with 40 [micro]L of positive and negative controls (5% DMSO) and 5 [micro]M thapsigargin in 5% DMSO (Biomek2000, Perkin Elmer Multiprobe).
Transfer 10 [micro]L of treatment solution from reconstituted library compound plates to assay plates. (Perkin Elmer Janus MDT) and incubate for 18h at 37oC, 5% CO2. The final assay concentration will be 10 [micro]M compound and 1% DMSO.

Day 3. Fixation, staining, and analysis.
Prepare fixative (10.7% formaldehyde and 26.7 [micro]g/ml Hoechst 33342 in HBSS).
Dispense 30 [micro]L of fixative directly into all plates (Titertek MAP-C2).
Incubate for 30 min at room temp. under dimmed light.
Aspirate off fixative and wash plates three times with 50 [micro]L PBS (MAP-C2).
Seal plates and analyze on the ArrayScan Vti (Thermo Fisher Cellomics) for autophagosomal GFP-LC3 accumulation.
Acquire images in two channels (DAPI/FITC) using a 10x objective and an XF100 filter set on the ArrayScan VTi.

ANALYSIS
Analyze images by the Compartmental Analysis Bioapplication, configured to detect Hoechst 33342 stained nuclei, cytosolic GFP expression, and autophagosomes as GFP-expressing punctate objects located in the cytosol. First, nuclear and cytosolic areas were separated to avoid nuclear punctate objects to be included. Punctate structures were then detected in the cytosol by thresholding over local background. A selection threshold was then set using DMSO-treated cells to calculate the percentage of cells positive for autophagosome formation.

Comment: HCS parameters reported
1. %HIGH_RingSpotCountCh2: The percentage of cells containing GFP spots (Channel 2). The percentage of responders is computed on a plate by plate basis.
2. Z-score_%HIGH_RingSpotCountCh2: Z-score of the percentage of cells containing GFP spots (Channel 2).
3. HCS_cmpd_conc: Primary HCS compound concentration in [micro]M
4. MEAN_RingAvgIntenCh2. The average GFP intensity in the cytosol (Channel 2). The average intensity is reported on a per cell basis.
5. MEAN_RingSpotTotalAreaCh2. The total (integrated) intensity of GFP spots per cell (Channel 2). The total spot intensity is reported on a per cell basis.
6. SelectedObjectCountPerValidField. The number of nuclei per imaging field.
7. % Toxicity. % toxicity = 1-(SelectedObjectCountPerValidField in sample well / average SelectedObjectCountPerValidField of all MIN controls on the plate)*100
8. Assay Date : Date the HTS assay was performed

The high-content cell-based screen for modulators of autophagy conducted by the PMLSC utilized a Z-score statistical scoring method to identify active compounds (Brideau et al., 2003)
Brideau, C., Gunter, B., Pikounis, B., and Liaw, A. (2003). Improved statistical methods for hit selection in high-throughput screening. Journal of Biomolecular Screening 8, 634-647. 14711389

Target activity score (Z-score_%HIGH_RingSpotCountCh2)
The Z-score for a compound was computed on a plate by plate basis. The Z-score for the percentage of cells containing autophagosomes in Channel 2 (Xi) was defined as Xi = (Xi - Xm)/Sm, where Xm is the mean of all the percentage of cells containing autophagosomes values in wells A3:P22 on the microplate, and Sm is the standard deviation of these values. A cut-off Z-score of greater than 3 was selected as the definition as the active criterion.

Fluorescent outliers. (MEAN_RingAvgIntenCh2)
The average GFP intensity per cell was calculated on a per cell basis. A cut-off score of 1500 was selected as the definition for a fluorescence outlier.

Cytotoxicity outliers (% toxicity)
% toxicity was computed on a plate by plate basis. % toxicity was defined as 1-(cell density in sample well / average cell density of all MIN controls on the plate)*100. A cut-off score of more than 80% was selected as the definition for a cytotoxic compound.


Definition of an active compound
Z-score_%HIGH_RingSpotCountCh2 > 3, MEAN_RingAvgIntenCh2 > 1500, and % toxicity < 80%

PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_OUTCOME
1 inactive. Substance is considered inactive when the Z-score_%HIGH_RingSpotCountCh2 > 3 at 10 [micro]M.
2 active. Substance is considered inactive when the Z-score_%HIGH_RingSpotCountCh2 > 3, MEAN_RingAvgIntenCh2 < 1500, and % toxicity < 80% at 10 [micro]M

PUBCHEM_ACTIVITY_SCORE
0-40 range is reserved for primary HTS data
a)If the substance is considered active the score is 40
b)If the substance is inactive the score is 0

Secondary assay testing paradigm:
Confirmation of inhibition of autophagosome formation in 2 independent tests at 10 [micro]M.
Concentration Response IC50 < 10 [micro]M in the autophagy inducer HCS assay.
Structural Verification
Indications of Specificity & Selectivity ~ PubChem X-target Query
Evidence of SAR.

Confirmed concentration dependent actives would be tested for A) autophagosome formation in a different cell line stably expressing LC3-GFP and B) for long lived protein degradation.