丙烯酰胺

丙烯酰胺用途

【用途一】
用于酸相对分子质量的测定
【用途二】
是生产聚丙烯酰胺及其系列产品的原料
【用途三】
用作聚丙烯酰胺的单体，其聚合物或共聚物用作化学灌浆物质、土壤改良剂、絮凝剂、胶粘剂和涂料等
【用途四】
聚丙烯酰胺作为添加剂可提高石油的回收率。作为絮凝剂可用于废水处理，亦可作纸张增强剂。
【用途五】
丙烯酰胺是丙烯酰胺系和甲基丙烯酰胺系产品中最重要的产品。自1954年用于工业后，需要逐步增长。主要用来制取能溶于水的聚合物，而这种聚丙烯酰胺可作为添加剂用以提高石油的回收率；用作絮凝剂、增厚剂和造纸助剂。少量丙烯酰胺被用来将亲水中心引入亲油的聚合物中以改善粘度，提高软化点和提高树脂的抗溶剂性，并且可以为染料的受色性引入一个中心。丙烯酰胺还常常被用作感光聚合物的一个组分。在乙烯基聚合物中，在交联反应中可以使用这种酰胺基的反应活性。丙烯酰胺可以与某些单体，如乙酸乙烯、苯乙烯、氯乙烯、乙烯叉二氯、丙烯腈等共聚获得具有多种用途的聚合物。主要应用领域：(1)油田用该品用于油田注水井调整吸水剖面。将本品与引发剂、除氧剂等混合，注入注水井高渗透层带。在地层下聚合成高粘度的聚合物。封堵大孔道，增加扫油体积，提高采油率。此外，本品的聚合物或共聚物，可用于三次采油、压裂、堵水、钻井混浆处理以及化学灌浆等。(2)作絮凝剂该品的部分水解物或与甲基纤维素的接枝共聚物，用于工厂废水处理及下水处理。(3)土壤改良剂利用该品水解物作土壤改良剂，可使土壤团粒化，改善空气流通性、水渗透性和保水性。(4)纤维改性与树脂加工将丙烯酰胺进行氨基甲酰化或接枝聚合。可用于改善含合成纤维的各种纤维的树脂整理，经纱以及作印染浆料使用，以改善纤维织物的基础物性，防皱、防缩和手感好。(5)纸力增强剂丙烯酰胺与丙烯酸的共聚物或聚丙烯酰胺的部分水解物，可用作纸力培强剂，代替已经使用的淀粉、水溶性氨基树脂或者共用。(6)胶粘剂有聚丙烯酰胺与酚醛树脂溶液并用的玻璃纤维胶粘剂，以及与合成橡胶并用的压敏胶。
【用途六】
制备聚丙烯酰胺凝胶，供电泳测定蛋白质分子量等。絮凝剂, 土壤稳定剂，增强纸张强度，改进纤维质量，粘结剂。

丙烯酰胺名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
79-06-1

[ 中文名 ]:
丙烯酰胺

[ 英文名 ]:
Acrylamide Crystals

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

vinylamide
vinylcarboxamide
PROPENAMIDE
optimum
CH2=CHCO2NH2
aam
2-propenamide
carbamoylethylene
Acrylamide
acrylagel

丙烯酰胺物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
99.9±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
82-86 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₃H₅NO

[ 分子量 ]:
71.078

[ 闪点 ]:
14.2±22.6 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
71.037117

[ PSA ]:
43.09000

[ LogP ]:
-0.31

[ 外观性状 ]:
白色晶体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.45 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
21.4±0.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.431

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类、食品化工添加剂分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Unstable. Do not heat above 50C. Explosive. Incompatible with acids, bases, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, iron and iron salts, copper, aluminium, brass, free radical initiators. Air sensitive. Hygroscopic.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
SOLUBLE, 216 g/100 mL

丙烯酰胺MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

丙烯酰胺毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: AS3325000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Acrylamide

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 79-06-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0605349

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 140

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C3-H5-N-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 71.09

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZV1U1

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Rinsed with water

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 124 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - other changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - transaminases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - peptidases

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 90 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 208 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 107 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 170 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 156 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1680 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - hallucinations, distorted perceptions

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 280 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 170 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - muscle contraction or spasticity Gastrointestinal - nausea or vomiting

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Unreported

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 173 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - tremor Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - quail

DOSE/DURATION :: 186 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - flaccid paralysis without anesthesia (usually neuromuscular blockage) Behavioral - altered sleep time (including change in righting reflex) Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay)

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - species unspecified

DOSE/DURATION :: 190 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1035 mg/kg/15W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 608 mg/kg/16D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1800 mg/kg/90D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral - fluid intake Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 600 mg/kg/6W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 286 mg/kg/28D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - changes in brain weight Cardiac - changes in heart weight Blood - pigmented or nucleated red blood cells

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 108 mg/kg/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - multiple enzyme effects

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 168 mg/kg/2W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 780 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Spinal Cord - demyelination Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 400 mg/kg/8D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other transferases

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1155 mg/kg/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - structural change in nerve or sheath

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 568 mg/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - changes in testicular weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1200 mg/kg/4W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - dog

DOSE/DURATION :: 330 mg/kg/22D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - recording from peripheral motor nerve Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 671 mg/kg/75W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Autonomic Nervous System - other (direct) parasympathomimetic Behavioral - changes in motor activity (specific assay) Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 450 mg/kg/61D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - sensory change involving peripheral nerve

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg/2D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - chronic pulmonary edema Liver - fatty liver degeneration Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Primate - monkey

DOSE/DURATION :: 200 mg/kg/4D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 771 mg/kg/1Y-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 150 mg/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Brain and Coverings - other degenerative changes Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - dehydrogenases Biochemical - Enzyme inhibition, induction, or change in blood or tissue levels - other Enzymes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Mammal - cat

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Spinal Cord - other degenerative changes Behavioral - muscle weakness

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Bird - chicken

DOSE/DURATION :: 450 mg/kg/3W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1456 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - testicular tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 24 mg/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 300 mg/kg/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors Skin and Appendages - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 72 mg/kg/8W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - neoplastic by RTECS criteria Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TD - Toxic dose (other than lowest)

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1456 mg/kg/2Y-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Tumorigenic - Carcinogenic by RTECS criteria Reproductive - Tumorigenic effects - uterine tumors

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 200 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 7-16 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - biochemical and metabolic

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 560 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 6-21 day(s) after conception lactating female 10 day(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Maternal Effects - parturition Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - stillbirth Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - viability index (e.g., # alive at day 4 per # born alive)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 75 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 5 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 140 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 2 week(s) pre-mating - 3 week(s) post-birth

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - growth statistics (e.g.%, reduced weight gain)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 150 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 5 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 350 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 7 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 400 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 8 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Newborn - behavioral

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 571 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 16 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 95 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 4 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 95 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 4 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

DOSE :: 71 gm/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 4 week(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - litter size (e.g. # fetuses per litter; measured before birth)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 225 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 10-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 125 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 1 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 250 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 5 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - male fertility index (e.g. # males impregnating females per # males exposed to fertile nonpregnant females) Reproductive - Fertility - pre-implantation mortality (e.g. reduction in number of implants per female; total number of implants per corpora lutea) Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 300 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 8-10 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 75 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Specific Developmental Abnormalities - musculoskeletal system

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

DOSE :: 225 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: female 10-12 day(s) after conception

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Fertility - post-implantation mortality (e.g. dead and/or resorbed implants per total number of implants) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetotoxicity (except death, e.g., stunted fetus) Reproductive - Effects on Embryo or Fetus - fetal death

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Micronucleus test

TYPE OF TEST :: Specific locus test

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TYPE OF TEST :: Unscheduled DNA synthesis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TYPE OF TEST :: Sister chromatid exchange

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Dominant lethal test

TYPE OF TEST :: Sperm Morphology

TYPE OF TEST :: Sperm Morphology

TYPE OF TEST :: Heritable translocation test

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Sex chromosome loss and nondisjunction

TEST SYSTEM :: Rodent - hamster Lung

REFERENCE :: MUREAV Mutation Research. (Elsevier Science Pub. B.V., POB 211, 1000 AE Amsterdam, Netherlands) V.1- 1964- Volume(issue)/page/year: 245,191,1990 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-Animal carcinogen DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 ACGIH TLV-TWA 0.03 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,41,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Animal Sufficient Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,389,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Human No Adequate Data IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 39,41,1986 IARC Cancer Review:Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,389,1994 IARC Cancer Review:Group 2A IMEMDT IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risk of Chemicals to Man. (WHO Publications Centre USA, 49 Sheridan Ave., Albany, NY 12210) V.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 60,389,1994 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW EVHPAZ EHP, Environmental Health Perspectives. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) No.1- 1972- Volume(issue)/page/year: 11,129,1975 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CRTXB2 CRC Critical Reviews in Toxicology. (CRC Press, Inc., 2000 Corporate Blvd., NW, Boca Raton, FL 33431) V.1- 1971- Volume(issue)/page/year: 2,365,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CMTVAS Cahiers de Medecine du Travail. (Association Professionnelle Belge des Medecine du Travail, rue du Bultia, 6280 Gerpinnes, Belgium) V.1- 1963- Volume(issue)/page/year: 10(3),49,1973 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CJNSA2 Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. (Faculty of Medicine, 2500 University Dr., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,143,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW CJNSA2 Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. (Faculty of Medicine, 2500 University Dr., Calgary, Alberta, Canada) V.1- 1974- Volume(issue)/page/year: 1,152,1974 TOXICOLOGY REVIEW NTOTDY Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology. (Fayetteville, NY) V.3-8, 1981-86. For publisher information, see NETEEC. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,445,1981 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,5,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 0.3 mg/m3 (skin) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.9 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.3 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 0.2 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.9 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;Skin;Carcinogen JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.3 mg/m3;STEL 0.6 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ACRYLAMIDE-air:10H CA TWA 0.03 mg/m3 (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 03540 No. of Facilities: 442 (estimated) No. of Industries: 10 No. of Occupations: 24 No. of Employees: 7047 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 03540 No. of Facilities: 453 (estimated) No. of Industries: 19 No. of Occupations: 22 No. of Employees: 10651 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 721 (estimated)

丙烯酰胺安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07, GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302 + H332-H315-H317-H319-H340-H350-H361f-H372

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P201-P261-P280-P304 + P340 + P312-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
T:Toxic

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R22;R43;R45;R46;R48/20/21/22

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S53-S45-S24-S36/37/39-S26-S36/37

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3426 6.1/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
AS3325000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
6.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
2924199040

丙烯酰胺合成路线

详细合成路线

丙烯酰胺上下游产品

丙烯酰胺上游产品

丙烯酰胺下游产品

丙烯酰胺制备

1.丙烯腈硫酸水合法：丙烯腈和水在硫酸存在下水解成丙烯酰胺硫酸盐，然后用液氨中和生成丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铵，反应物经分离过滤后，将滤液结晶、干燥即得成品。此法的缺点是副产大量价值低廉的硫酸铵，又存在严重的硫酸腐蚀和污染等问题。每吨丙烯酰胺副产硫酸铵2280kg。原料消耗定额：丙烯腈（100%）980kg/t、硫酸（100%）200kg/t、氨（100%）700kg/t。

2.丙烯腈直接水合法：丙烯腈与水在铜催化剂存在下，在85-125℃和0.3-0.4MPa压力下直接水合而得。该法得到的丙烯酰胺水溶液（只含少量副产物），可直接作为产品销售，避免丙烯酰胺粉尘污染，用水溶液对劳动保护是有利的。产品参考规格：外观为白色鳞片状或粉状。一级品含量≥95%；二级品含量≥90%；三级品含量≥85%。

3.酶催化法：在室温下将丙烯腈水溶液送入装有菌种催化剂的固定床反应器中，经反应丙烯腈100%转化为丙烯酰胺。经分离，甚至可不经精制、浓缩就得到丙烯酰胺的工业产品。

丙烯酰胺海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2924199040

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