乙硫醇

乙硫醇用途

【用途一】
用于农药中间体、警戒气
【用途二】
乙硫醇是一种重要的农药中间体，用于合成有机磷杀虫剂甲拌磷、乙拌磷、异丙磷、内吸磷、甲基内吸磷及除草剂烯禾啶等，此外，还可用作试剂及气体的加臭味剂、液体燃料添加剂，以及用于医药合成。
【用途三】
乙硫醇是重要的农药中间体，用于生产有机磷农药异丙磷、甲拌磷、乙拌磷、内吸磷、甲基内吸磷等。也可用于生产抗菌剂401。空气中基含乙硫醇仅五百亿分之一浓度时，其臭味就能觉察，因此可用作天然气及石油气的警告剂、试剂的加臭味剂（其臭味在浓度为0.00019mg/L时即可嗅到）。乙硫醇还可用于医药等有机合成。
【用途四】
抗氧剂。用作粘合剂的稳定剂和化学合成的中间体。天然气、石油气和煤气警告剂。

乙硫醇名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
75-08-1

[ 中文名 ]:
乙硫醇

[ 英文名 ]:
Ethanethiol

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Ethanthiol
etantiolol
EINECS 200-837-3
Aethanethiol
mercaptoethanol
C2H5SH
mercaptoethane
Thioethanol
ethane thiol
ethyl mercaptan

乙硫醇物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
0.8±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
34.7±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
-148 °C

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₆S

[ 分子量 ]:
62.134

[ 闪点 ]:
-17.2±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
62.019020

[ PSA ]:
38.80000

[ LogP ]:
1.25

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
2.1 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
537.1±0.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.422

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、酸类分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Extremely flammable - note low flash point. Incompatible with oxidizing agents, strong acids. May form explosive mixtures with air.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
水溶性：实际上不溶；水溶解度：6.8 g/l 20 °C；可溶于：醇,乙醚,丙酮

乙硫醇MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

乙硫醇毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: KI9625000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Ethanethiol

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 75-08-1

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 36

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H6-S

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 62.14

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: SH2

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,982,1986

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,171,1958

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

REFERENCE :: 85JCAE "Prehled Prumyslove Toxikologie; Organicke Latky," Marhold, J., Prague, Czechoslovakia, Avicenum, 1986 Volume(issue)/page/year: -,982,1986 ** ACUTE TOXICITY DATA **

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 682 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,171,1958

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4420 ppm/4H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Peripheral Nerve and Sensation - spastic paralysis with or without sensory change Behavioral - excitement Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,171,1958

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 226 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - muscle weakness Behavioral - ataxia Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - cyanosis

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,171,1958

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 2770 ppm/4H

REFERENCE :: AIHAAP American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal. (AIHA, 475 Wolf Ledges Pkwy., Akron, OH 44311) V.19- 1958- Volume(issue)/page/year: 19,171,1958 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 1.3 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) DTLWS* "Documentation of the Threshold Limit Values for Substances in Workroom Air," Supplements. For publisher information, see 85INA8. Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,18,1973 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):CL 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):CL 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):CL 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:STEL 0.5 ppm (1.3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:STEL 1 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 1 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 0.5 ppm (1.3 mg/m3);STEL 1 ppm (2.6 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THAILAND:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 10 ppm (25 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 0.5 ppm (1 mg/m3);STEL 2 ppm (3 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO ETHANETHIOL-air:CL 0.5 ppm REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 32760 No. of Facilities: 19 (estimated) No. of Industries: 1 No. of Occupations: 15 No. of Employees: 1476 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 32760 No. of Facilities: 110 (estimated) No. of Industries: 2 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 1793 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 14 (estimated)

乙硫醇安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS02, GHS07, GHS09

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H224-H302 + H332-H410

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P210-P273-P501

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US)

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
F:Flammable;Xn:Harmful;N:Dangerousfortheenvironment;

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R11;R20;R50/53

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S16-S25-S60-S61

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2363 3/PG 1

[ WGK德国 ]:
3

[ RTECS号 ]:
KI9625000

[ 包装等级 ]:
I

[ 危险类别 ]:
3

乙硫醇合成路线

详细合成路线

乙硫醇上下游产品

乙硫醇上游产品

乙硫醇下游产品

乙硫醇制备

1.由乙基硫酸钠与硫氢化钠反应而得。本法所用的乙基硫酸钠是由无水乙醇和发烟硫酸制备的。总收率为60%-65%（以无水乙醇计）。国内此法较成熟，缺点是路线长，收率低，对原料要求高。

2.由氯乙烷与硫氢化钠反应而得。收率可达80%以上（以氯乙醇计）。

3.由乙醇（或乙烯）与硫化氢经气相催化反应而得。反应在常压下进行，催化剂采用活性氧化铝为载体，浸渍钨酸或钨酸钠。反应温度为360-380℃。乙硫醇收率（以乙醇计），可达70%-79%。4.实验室制备可由硫脲和溴乙烷的应。

4.以硫脲和溴乙烷为原料在溶剂甲醇中加热回流3～4h，反应结束后，回收甲醇，然后加入10%的氢氧化钠，继续回流4h，再冷却至5℃之后缓慢加入1∶ 2的稀硫酸进行酸化不断搅拌下蒸出乙硫醇。其反应过程为：

所得乙硫醇粗品先用水洗涤，以除去氢氧化钠和硫酸，再用无水硫酸钠干燥除水，最后分馏，收集34～37℃馏分，即得成品。
5.以乙醇（或乙烯）和硫化氢气体为原料，其配比为1∶ 3（摩尔比），在用钨酸（或钨酸钠）浸渍过的活性氧化铝催化剂存在下进行反应，控制适当的加料速度［ 130g乙醇／（L催化剂·h）］，反应温度为360～380℃，反应压力为常压：

反应过程中的过量硫化氢气体可以循环利用。反应生成的产品乙硫醇应采用冷冻低温捕集，干燥除去水分后，分馏、收集34～37℃馏分即可。

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乙硫醇