正己酸

正己酸用途

用途一：
己酸是我国规定允许使用的食用香料，主要用于干酪、奶油和水果香精中。用量按正常生产需要，一般在调味料中450mg/kg；糖果中28mg/kg；烘烤食品中22mg/kg；冷饮中4.3mg/kg。
用途二：
GB 2760 96规定为允许使用的食用香料。主要用以配制干酪、奶油、朗姆酒和奶油硬糖等型香精。
用途三：
一种基本有机原料，可用于生产各种己酸酯类产品。医药中用于制备己雷琐辛。也可作香料、润滑油的增稠剂、橡胶加工助剂、清漆催干剂等。

正己酸名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
142-62-1

[ 中文名 ]:
己酸

[ 英文名 ]:
1-Hexanoic acid

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

n-Hexoic acid
n-hexanoic acid
EINECS 205-550-7
Hexanoic acid
n-Hexylic acid
Hexylic acid
oxyhexanol
n-Caproic acid
Caproic Acid
Acid C6,Caproic acid

正己酸物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
204.6±3.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
−4 °C(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₆H₁₂O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
116.158

[ 闪点 ]:
104.4±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
116.083733

[ PSA ]:
37.30000

[ LogP ]:
1.84

[ 外观性状 ]:
无色液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
4 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.2±0.4 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.428

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥,与氧化剂、碱分开存放

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with bases, reducing agents and oxidizing agents. Flammable.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
1.1 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

正己酸MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

正己酸毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: MO5250000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Hexanoic acid

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 142-62-1

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0773837

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 20

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H12-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 116.18

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: QV5

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 2050 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LC50 - Lethal concentration, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 4100 mg/m3/2H

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 3180 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1725 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 630 uL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - guinea pig

DOSE/DURATION :: 5 mL/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 25200 mg/kg/3W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Cytogenetic analysis

TEST SYSTEM :: Non-mammalian species Cells - not otherwise specified

DOSE/DURATION :: 10 mmol/L

REFERENCE :: CHROAU Chromosoma. (Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., Service Center, 44 Hartz Way, Secaucus, NJ 07094) V.1- 1939- Volume(issue)/page/year: 40,1,1973 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-RUSSIA:STEL 5 mg/m3 JAN 1993 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 84192 No. of Facilities: 60 (estimated) No. of Industries: 3 No. of Occupations: 7 No. of Employees: 1526 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 84192 No. of Facilities: 735 (estimated) No. of Industries: 8 No. of Occupations: 14 No. of Employees: 10060 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 3562 (estimated)

正己酸安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS05

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H290-H314

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P280-P303 + P361 + P353-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;Goggles;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
C:Corrosive

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R21;R34

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S26-S36/37/39-S45-S25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 2829 8/PG 3

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
MO5250000

[ 包装等级 ]:
III

[ 危险类别 ]:
8

[ 海关编码 ]:
2915900090

正己酸合成路线

详细合成路线

正己酸上下游产品

正己酸上游产品

正己酸下游产品

正己酸制备

1.仲辛醇氧化法　将仲辛醇滴入工业硝酸中，温度控制在50-55℃。用水洗涤，得粗已酸，先将粗已酸常压脱水，再减压蒸馏，继续脱去水分后，收取158℃（8.0kPa）馏分，即为已酸。原料消耗定额：仲辛醇（80%）1800kg/t、硝酸（97%）2500kg/t。

2.正己醇氧化法　正己醇经空气或氧气氧化生成正己酸。

3.己腈水解法　己腈水解生成己酸

4.正己醛氧化法　正己醛氧化生成正己酸。

5.从椰子油和月桂酸中分馏精制而得。
丁酸发酵液中的副产品，经精馏而得。
由仲辛醇氧化而得。

6.己酸天然存在于樟脑、草莓、椰子油、香叶和羊奶等中，可以从椰子油中，用精密分馏的方法得到。工业上可以用硝酸氧化仲辛醇的方法制得。在50～55℃下在工业硝酸中滴入仲辛醇，将其升温至100℃保温反应2h。然后降温至50℃，用水洗涤得粗己酸。用无水氯化钙脱水干燥后减压蒸馏，收集158℃(8.0kPa)馏分，即为己酸。
CH3(CH2)5CH(OH)CH3+HN03→CH3(CH2)4COOH
也可以淀粉或糖为原料，经发酵制得己酸。

7用硝酸氧化仲辛醇，经洗涤、干燥、蒸馏即可。己酸天然存在于椰子油、草莓、羊奶、香叶、樟脑等，可以从椰子油中得到。

精制方法：在6.67KPa的压力下，用理论塔板数为30的填充塔进行精馏。也可用分步结晶法精制。

8.对正丁基丙二酸二乙酯进行碱性水解，然后在酸性介质下脱羧即得己酸。所得己酸用乙醚萃取，蒸出乙醚，再加入苯共沸蒸出水和苯，最后蒸出己酸。

9. 烟草：OR，49；BU，56；OR，26；FC，9， 18；OR，18；BU，9， 18；FC，BU，OR，40；从椰子油挥发性脂肪酸的分馏得到。

10.制法：

于反应瓶中加入2-辛醇50g（2），70%的硝酸150g，搅拌下加热使反应开始，反应剧烈放热，并有一氧化氮生成。保持反应温度在90～100℃的情况下，再交替将另外的2-辛醇210g和70%的硝酸分批加入，加完后继续90～100℃反应2h，冷却后分出油层，水洗。用10%的氢氧化钠水溶液调至强碱性，分出亚硝酸酯。水层用硫酸调至酸性，无水硫酸钠干燥减压分馏，收集198～208℃的馏分，重新分馏，收集202～206℃的馏分得正己酸（1）115g左右，收率50%。

^{11..制法：}

正丁基丙二酸二乙酯（4）：于装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器（装一只氯化钙干燥管）、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入无水乙醇2500mL，分批加入金属钠115g（5mol），搅拌下于60℃左右反应，待钠全部反应完后，滴加入丙二酸二乙酯（2）825g（5mol），加完后搅拌反应30min，滴加正溴丁烷（3）685g（5mol），反应放热约3h加完，而后继续回流反应2h。改成蒸馏装置，减压蒸出乙醇。冷后加入2L碎，充分搅拌使生成的溴化钠溶解，分出水层，油层减压蒸馏，收集140～145℃/5.33kPa的馏分，得正丁基丙二酸二乙酯（4）d4²⁵0.983，nD²⁵1.4250。易溶于乙醇、乙醚、溶于丙酮、乙酸乙酯，不溶于水。己酸（1）：于装有搅拌器、回流冷凝器、滴液漏斗的反应瓶中，加入氢氧化钾200g，水200mL。搅拌下慢慢加入正丁基丙二酸二乙酯（4）200g（0.925mol），反应剧烈进行并回流。当全部的酯加完后，回流反应3h。冷却后分出上层有机层，水层用乙醚提取。合并有机层，无水硫酸钠干燥，蒸出乙醚后，继续蒸馏，收集200～206℃的馏分，得己酸（1）80g，收率75%。

正己酸海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2915900090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2915900090. 其他饱和无环一元羧酸及其酸酐（酰卤、过氧）化物、过氧酸及其卤化、硝化、磺化、亚硝化衍生物. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:9.0%. 监管条件:AB(入境货物通关单,出境货物通关单). 最惠国关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ 监管条件 ]: A.入境货物通关单 B.出境货物通关单

[ 检验检疫 ]: R.进口食品卫生监督检验 S.出口食品卫生监督检验 M.进口商品检验 N.出口商品检验

[ Summary ]:
2915900090 other saturated acyclic monocarboxylic acids and their anhydrides, halides, peroxides and peroxyacids; their halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated or nitrosated derivatives VAT:17.0% Tax rebate rate:9.0% Supervision conditions:AB(certificate of inspection for goods inward,certificate of inspection for goods outward) MFN tariff:5.5% General tariff:30.0%

正己酸文献

Combined effects of nutrients and temperature on the production of fermentative aromas by Saccharomyces cerevisiae during wine fermentation.

Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 99(5) , 2291-304, (2015)

Volatile compounds produced by yeast during fermentation greatly influence the organoleptic qualities of wine. We developed a model to predict the combined effects of initial nitrogen and phytosterol ...

Novel Antibodies Reactive with Sialyl Lewis X in Both Humans and Mice Define Its Critical Role in Leukocyte Trafficking and Contact Hypersensitivity Responses.

J. Biol. Chem. 290 , 15313-26, (2015)

Sialyl Lewis X (sLe(x)) antigen functions as a common carbohydrate determinant recognized by all three members of the selectin family. However, its expression and function in mice remain undefined due...

Olfactometry Profiles and Quantitation of Volatile Sulfur Compounds of Swiss Tilsit Cheeses.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 63 , 7511-21, (2015)

To establish the odor profiles of three differently fabricated commercial Swiss Tilsit cheeses, analyses were conducted using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry...

更多文献

正己酸