偶氮二甲酰胺

偶氮二甲酰胺用途

【用途一】
广泛用于聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、聚丙烯、ABS树脂和橡胶的发泡
【用途二】
小麦粉处理剂；焙烤食品快速发酵剂。在低用量下可完成对小麦粉的安全快速氧化，以改善面团的物理性能和高筋面团所需的组织结构。
【用途三】
作面粉处理剂，我国规定可用于小麦粉，最大使用量0.045g/kg。
【用途四】
通用型发气量大的发泡剂。广泛用于聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯、乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、ABS、尼龙-6和氯丁橡胶等多种合成材料，至今还没有能与竞争的产品出现。在这些应用领域中，聚乙烯用量占25-30%，聚氯乙烯用量占15-20%。

偶氮二甲酰胺名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
123-77-3

[ 中文名 ]:
偶氮二甲酰胺

[ 英文名 ]:
Azodicarbonamide

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Carbamoyliminourea
Diazene-1,2-dicarboxamide
(E)-carbamoyliminourea
MFCD00007958
EINECS 204-650-8

偶氮二甲酰胺物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.9±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
241.3±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
220-225 °C (dec.)(lit.)

[ 分子式 ]:
C₂H₄N₄O₂

[ 分子量 ]:
116.079

[ 闪点 ]:
99.7±22.6 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
116.033424

[ PSA ]:
110.90000

[ LogP ]:
-0.85

[ 外观性状 ]:
橙色结晶粉末

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.0±1.1 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.680

[ 储存条件 ]:
通风低温干燥

[ 稳定性 ]:
Highly flammable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong bases, heavy metal salts.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
SOLUBLE IN HOT WATER

偶氮二甲酰胺MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

偶氮二甲酰胺毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: LQ1040000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Formamide, 1,1'-azobis-

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 123-77-3

LAST UPDATED :: 199710

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 16

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C2-H4-N4-O2

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 116.10

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: ZVNUNVZ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >6400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: >500 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 440 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - respiratory stimulation Gastrointestinal - hypermotility, diarrhea Skin and Appendages - hair

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 42 gm/kg/10D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - evidence of thyroid hypofunction Endocrine - changes in thyroid weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 233 gm/kg/4W-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Endocrine - evidence of thyroid hypofunction

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 207 mg/m3/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 204 mg/m3/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Blood - changes in serum composition (e.g. TP, bilirubin, cholesterol)

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 252 mg/kg/1W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - hematuria Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 217 mg/m3/6H/2W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 204 mg/m3/6H/13W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - changes in liver weight Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Mutation in microorganisms

TEST SYSTEM :: Bacteria - Salmonella typhimurium

DOSE/DURATION :: 100 ug/plate

REFERENCE :: ENMUDM Environmental Mutagenesis. (New York, NY) V.1-9, 1979-87. For publisher information, see EMMUEG. Volume(issue)/page/year: 8(Suppl 7),1,1986 *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 81713 No. of Facilities: 1753 (estimated) No. of Industries: 32 No. of Occupations: 60 No. of Employees: 43147 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 81713 No. of Facilities: 1210 (estimated) No. of Industries: 18 No. of Occupations: 29 No. of Employees: 42296 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 17091 (estimated)

偶氮二甲酰胺安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS08

[ 信号词 ]:
Danger

[ 危害声明 ]:
H334

[ 补充危害声明 ]:
Risk of explosion if heated under confinement.

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P261-P284-P304 + P340-P342 + P311

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
dust mask type N95 (US);Eyeshields;Faceshields;Gloves

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R42;R44

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S22-S24-S37

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 3242 4.1/PG 2

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
LQ1040000

[ 包装等级 ]:
II

[ 危险类别 ]:
4.1

[ 海关编码 ]:
2924199090

偶氮二甲酰胺合成路线

详细合成路线

偶氮二甲酰胺上下游产品

偶氮二甲酰胺上游产品

偶氮二甲酰胺下游产品

偶氮二甲酰胺制备

工业生产发泡剂AC，由水合肼；尿素与硫酸缩合成中间体联二脲，再经氧化而得成品。

1.缩合将尿素溶于2%水合肼溶液，加到反应锅。在搅拌下加硫酸使料液pH值达到1-2，加热，使pH值转为2-5，再缓缓加入硫酸，保持pH值2-5反应数小时后，取样测定终点（用0.1N碘溶液滴定含肼量）。缩合成的联二脲，滤出硫酸铵母液后，用热水洗涤，供氧化工序用。

2.氧化将联二脲放入反应锅用水溶解，加入溴化钠，通入氯气，反应温度控制在30-50℃，制得的偶氮二甲酰胺先用温水洗至中性，经离心机甩干干燥后，得成品。氧化工序对发泡剂AC的产品质量和生产本影响最大。早期采用硝酸法和铬酸法，由于成本和污染的原因，已趋于淘汰。氯气-溴为氧化剂取代铬盐氧化联二脲生产发泡剂AC的方法，使产品成本降低很多。其他的方法还有：有空气和二氧化氮处理联二脲，收率为84.3%；用电解法生产发泡剂AC；采用过氧化氢氧化联二脲的方法。

原料消耗定额：水合肼（40%）1160kg/t；尿素（含氮量≥46%）1330kg/t；液氯800kg/t；烧碱（30%）2000kg/t；硫酸（98%）1140kg/t。酸法将水合肼粗溶液冷冻至-2℃，以除去十水碳酸钠，佘下的液体加入固体尿素，并加入65%硫酸中和至PH值为4-5，加热反应数小时即完成，收率90%左右。经洗涤后再氧化生成AC。弱碱法将水合肼粗溶液蒸发脱除盐分后加入固体尿素，并加入少量酸，中和至PH值为7-9，加热反应生成联二脲，不必洗涤直接氧化生成AC 。以酮连氮为原料生产开发合成酮连氮的工业化方法主要有次氯酸钠氧化法和过氧化氢氧化法。次氯酸钠氧化法工艺为：28%氨水与工业丙酮混合，加入10%次氯酸钠，在35-40℃和搅拌下反应生成甲酮连氮。在氨过量较大和合成液中酮连氮浓度低的情况下，合成收率可达98%以上。在萃取塔中，以二氯甲烷萃取合成液中的甲酮连氮。萃佘液水相经处理调整组成后再用于合成反应（可移出积累过量部分，蒸发处理回收和氯化钠）。萃取液经蒸馏回收萃取二氯甲烷。并再用于萃取步骤。从蒸馏釜获得甲酮连氮溶液。

偶氮二甲酰胺海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2927000090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2927000090 其他重氮化合物、偶氮化合物等（包括氧化偶氮化合物）. 增值税率:17.0% 退税率:9.0% 监管条件:无最惠国关税:6.5% 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2927000090 other diazo-, azo- or azoxy-compounds。Supervision conditions:None。VAT:17.0%。Tax rebate rate:9.0%。MFN tariff:6.5%。General tariff:30.0%

偶氮二甲酰胺文献

Anti-HIV agents that selectively target retroviral nucleocapsid protein zinc fingers without affecting cellular zinc finger proteins.

J. Med. Chem. 41(9) , 1371-81, (1998)

Agents that target the two highly conserved Zn fingers of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleocapsid p7 (NCp7) protein are under development as antivirals. These agents covalently modify Zn-c...

Assessment of the determination of azodicarbonamide and its decomposition product semicarbazide: investigation of variation in flour and flour products.

J. Agric. Food Chem. 59(17) , 9313-8, (2011)

Azodicarbonamide, as a bleaching agent and improving agent, is a permitted food additive in certain countries and can be determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. However, it partially deg...

Comparative studies by IR, Raman, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of azodicarbonamide, biurea and semicarbazide hydrochloride.

Spectrochim. Acta. A. Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 114 , 80-4, (2013)

Azodicarbonamide is widely applied in the food industry as a new flour gluten fortifier in China, Canada, the United States, and some other countries, whose metabolites of biurea and semicarbazide hyd...

更多文献

偶氮二甲酰胺相关知识

偶氮二甲酰胺用途

2019-08-03 14:50:57

偶氮二甲酰胺商品名为发泡剂AC或发泡剂ADC，是一种白色或淡黄色粉末，无毒，无嗅，不易燃烧，具有自熄性。溶于碱，不溶于汽油、醇、苯、吡啶和水。偶氮二甲酰胺是一种在工业中常用到的发泡剂，可用于瑜伽垫、橡胶鞋底等生产，以增加产品的弹性。同时也可以用于食品工业，增加面粉团的强度和柔韧性。偶氮二甲酰胺具体...

偶氮二甲酰胺

偶氮二甲酰胺用途

偶氮二甲酰胺名称

偶氮二甲酰胺物理化学性质

偶氮二甲酰胺MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

偶氮二甲酰胺毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

MUTATION DATA

偶氮二甲酰胺安全信息

偶氮二甲酰胺合成路线

详细合成路线

偶氮二甲酰胺上下游产品

偶氮二甲酰胺上游产品

偶氮二甲酰胺下游产品

偶氮二甲酰胺制备

偶氮二甲酰胺海关

偶氮二甲酰胺文献

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