环己醇

环己醇用途

【用途一】
用于环己醇脱氢过程
【用途二】
重要的化工原料，主要用于生产己二酸、己二胺、环己酮、己内酰胺，也可用作肥皂的稳定剂，制造消毒药皂和去垢乳剂，用作橡胶、树脂、硝基纤维、金属皂、油类、酯类、醚类的溶剂，涂料的掺合剂，皮革的脱脂剂、脱膜剂、干洗剂、擦亮剂。环己醇也是纤维整理剂、杀虫剂、增塑剂的原料，环己醇与光气反应得到氯甲酸环己酯，是引发剂过氧化二碳酸二环己酯的中间体。
【用途三】
比色法测定钼和铼，以苯肼测定铝。以8-羰基喹啉或以碘化物测定铋时作溶剂，以提取带色物质。橡胶、树脂和硝化棉溶剂。杀虫剂。

环己醇名称

[ CAS 号 ]:
108-93-0

[ 中文名 ]:
环己醇

[ 英文名 ]:
Cyclohexanol

[中文别名 ]:

[英文别名 ]:

Hydroxycyclohexane
Hexahydrophenol
CYCLOHEXANOL ZUR SYNTHESE
CYCLOHEXANOL FOR SYNTHESIS
1-cyclohexanol
EINECS 203-630-6
Hexalin
Hydrophenol
Adronal
Cyclohexyl Alcohol

环己醇物理化学性质

[ 密度 ]:
1.0±0.1 g/cm3

[ 沸点 ]:
159.6±8.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ 熔点 ]:
23ºC

[ 分子式 ]:
C₆H₁₂O

[ 分子量 ]:
100.159

[ 闪点 ]:
67.8±0.0 °C

[ 精确质量 ]:
100.088814

[ PSA ]:
20.23000

[ LogP ]:
1.34

[ 外观性状 ]:
透明油性液体

[ 蒸汽密度 ]:
3.5 (vs air)

[ 蒸汽压 ]:
0.9±0.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ 折射率 ]:
1.478

[ 储存条件 ]:
库房通风低温干燥

[ 稳定性 ]:
Stable. Incompatible with oxidizing agents. Reacts violently with oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and nitric acid, even at room temperature, to form an explosive material. Hygroscopic. Combustible.

[ 水溶解性 ]:
3.6 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

环己醇MSDS

详细MSDS(安全技术说明书)

环己醇毒性和生态

CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION

RTECS NUMBER :: GV7875000

CHEMICAL NAME :: Cyclohexanol

CAS REGISTRY NUMBER :: 108-93-0

BEILSTEIN REFERENCE NO. :: 0906744

LAST UPDATED :: 199712

DATA ITEMS CITED :: 52

MOLECULAR FORMULA :: C6-H12-O

MOLECULAR WEIGHT :: 100.18

WISWESSER LINE NOTATION :: L6TJ AQ

HEALTH HAZARD DATA

ACUTE TOXICITY DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

TYPE OF TEST :: Open irritation test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: Standard Draize test

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration into the eye

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Human

DOSE/DURATION :: 75 ppm

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Olfaction) - effect, not otherwise specified Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 1400 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration - other changes Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1352 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intravenous

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 272 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LD50 - Lethal dose, 50 percent kill

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intramuscular

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - mouse

DOSE/DURATION :: 1 gm/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 2200 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Administration onto the skin

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 794 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - somnolence (general depressed activity) Liver - change in gall bladder structure or function Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain

TYPE OF TEST :: LDLo - Lowest published lethal dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Parenteral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Amphibian - frog

DOSE/DURATION :: 1914 mg/kg

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Cardiac - other changes

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Oral

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 3185 mg/kg/7D-C

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Liver - other changes Liver - changes in liver weight

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Intraperitoneal

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rat

DOSE/DURATION :: 4 gm/kg/10D-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Kidney, Ureter, Bladder - other changes in urine composition

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 1229 ppm/6H/5W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Nutritional and Gross Metabolic - weight loss or decreased weight gain Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TCLo - Lowest published toxic concentration

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Inhalation

SPECIES OBSERVED :: Rodent - rabbit

DOSE/DURATION :: 997 ppm/6H/11W-I

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Behavioral - general anesthetic Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye) - conjunctive irritation Related to Chronic Data - death

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 315 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 21 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

TYPE OF TEST :: TDLo - Lowest published toxic dose

ROUTE OF EXPOSURE :: Subcutaneous

DOSE :: 315 mg/kg

SEX/DURATION :: male 21 day(s) pre-mating

TOXIC EFFECTS :: Reproductive - Paternal Effects - spermatogenesis (incl. genetic material, sperm morphology, motility, and count) Reproductive - Paternal Effects - testes, epididymis, sperm duct Reproductive - Paternal Effects - prostate, seminal vesicle, Cowper's gland, accessory glands

MUTATION DATA

TYPE OF TEST :: DNA damage

TEST SYSTEM :: Mammal - species unspecified Lymphocyte

REFERENCE :: PNASA6 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. (National Academy of Sciences, Printing & Pub. Office, 2101 Constitution Ave., Washington, DC 20418) V.1- 1915- Volume(issue)/page/year: 48,686,1962 *** REVIEWS *** ACGIH TLV-TWA 206 mg/m3 (50 ppm) (skin) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: TLV/BEI,1997 *** U.S. STANDARDS AND REGULATIONS *** MSHA STANDARD-air:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) DTLVS* The Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) and Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) booklet issues by American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), Cincinnati, OH, 1996 Volume(issue)/page/year: 3,65,1971 OSHA PEL (Gen Indu):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1910.1000,1994 OSHA PEL (Construc):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1926.55,1994 OSHA PEL (Shipyard):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 29,1915.1000,1993 OSHA PEL (Fed Cont):8H TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) CFRGBR Code of Federal Regulations. (U.S. Government Printing Office, Supt. of Documents, Washington, DC 20402) Volume(issue)/page/year: 41,50-204.50,1994 *** OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE LIMITS *** OEL-AUSTRALIA:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-AUSTRIA:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-BELGIUM:TWA 50 ppm (206 mg/m3);Skin JAN 1993 OEL-DENMARK:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FINLAND:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-FRANCE:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-GERMANY:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-HUNGARY:TWA 20 mg/m3;STEL 40 mg/m3;Skin JAN 1993 OEL-JAPAN:TWA 25 ppm (102 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE NETHERLANDS:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-THE PHILIPPINES:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-POLAND:TWA 20 mg/m3 JAN 1993 OEL-RUSSIA:TWA 25 ppm JAN 1993 OEL-SWEDEN:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);STEL 75 ppm (300 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-SWITZERLAND:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3);STEL 100 ppm (400 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-TURKEY:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL-UNITED KINGDOM:TWA 50 ppm (200 mg/m3) JAN 1993 OEL IN BULGARIA, COLOMBIA, JORDAN, KOREA check ACGIH TLV OEL IN NEW ZEALAND, SINGAPORE, VIETNAM check ACGIH TLV *** NIOSH STANDARDS DEVELOPMENT AND SURVEILLANCE DATA *** NIOSH RECOMMENDED EXPOSURE LEVEL (REL) : NIOSH REL TO CYCLOHEXANOL-air:10H TWA 50 ppm (Sk) REFERENCE : NIOSH* National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Reports and Memoranda. Volume(issue)/page/year: DHHS #92-100,1992 NIOSH OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURE SURVEY DATA : NOHS - National Occupational Hazard Survey (1974) NOHS Hazard Code - 21560 No. of Facilities: 6542 (estimated) No. of Industries: 56 No. of Occupations: 63 No. of Employees: 65435 (estimated) NOES - National Occupational Exposure Survey (1983) NOES Hazard Code - 21560 No. of Facilities: 10121 (estimated) No. of Industries: 52 No. of Occupations: 66 No. of Employees: 112365 (estimated) No. of Female Employees: 41412 (estimated)

环己醇安全信息

[ 符号 ]:

GHS07

[ 信号词 ]:
Warning

[ 危害声明 ]:
H302 + H332-H315-H335

[ 警示性声明 ]:
P261

[ 个人防护装备 ]:
Eyeshields;Faceshields;full-face respirator (US);Gloves;multi-purpose combination respirator cartridge (US);type ABEK (EN14387) respirator filter

[ 危害码 (欧洲) ]:
Xn:Harmful

[ 风险声明 (欧洲) ]:
R20/22;R37/38

[ 安全声明 (欧洲) ]:
S24/25

[ 危险品运输编码 ]:
UN 1993

[ WGK德国 ]:
1

[ RTECS号 ]:
GV7875000

[ 海关编码 ]:
2906120090

环己醇合成路线

详细合成路线

环己醇上下游产品

环己醇上游产品

环己醇下游产品

环己醇制备

工业生产方法主要为苯酚加氢法和环己烷氧化法。

1. 苯酚加氢法苯酚蒸气和氢气在镍催化剂存在下，在110-185℃、压力1.078-1.471MPa，在管式反应器中进行加氢反应制得环己醇蒸气产品，经换热、冷凝、分离除氢后再精馏得成品。

2. 环己烷氧化法苯蒸气在镍催化剂存在下，于120-180℃进行加氢反应得环己烷，环己烷氧化制造环己醇根据不同催化剂分为以下三种方法：

（1）钴盐催化法　以环烷酸钴，硬脂酸钴或辛酸钴为催化剂。

（2）硼酸催化法以硼酸或偏硼酸为催化剂，在空气氧化过程中，硼酸与环己基过氧化氢生成过硼酸环己醇酯，然后再变成硼酸环己醇酯，或者与生成的环己醇结合生成硼酸环己醇酯和偏硼酸环己醇酯。然后水解，油相经提纯即得成品。

（3）无催化剂氧化法以环己烷为原料，在压力1.47-1.96MPa，温度170-200℃下，用氧含量为10%-15%的空气氧化得环己基过氧化氢，再经浓缩后，于70-160℃催化分解，即得环己醇和环己酮。

3.苯酚加氢法或环己烷氧化法均可制得。

4. 以工业品环己醇为原料，用适量新鲜氧化钙脱水干燥，过滤后蒸馏，然后再加入少量金属钠，重新蒸馏，收集160～162℃馏分，即得成品。

5.环己烯法　以钌为催化剂，锌化合物等为助催化剂，水为连续相，苯为分散相，使苯部分加氢生成环己烯，反应温度为100～180℃，反应压力为3～10MPa。然后经萃取蒸馏获得环己烯，环己烯经水合得到环己醇。水合反应使用高硅沸石ZSM-5为催化剂，催化剂悬浮于水中，环己烯作为油相，生成的环己醇用油相萃取，通过油水分离回收生成物，再用普通精馏法除去未反应的环己烯得到产品环己醇。工艺流程如下：

苯部分加氢反应中使用催化剂（Ⅷ族金属特别是Ru）和促进剂（如氯化锌、氯化钛、羧酸钨），可达最高收率30%，反应是在苯和碱性水相中177℃和7.0MPa的条件下进行的。

环己醇海关

[ 海关编码 ]: 2906120090

[ 中文概述 ]:
2906120090. 环己醇,二甲基环己醇. 增值税率:17.0%. 退税率:9.0%. 监管条件:无. 最低关税:5.5%. 普通关税:30.0%

[ 申报要素 ]: 品名, 成分含量, 用途

[ Summary ]:
2906120090. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:9.0%. . MFN tariff:5.5%. General tariff:30.0%

环己醇文献

Acetonitrile adduct formation as a sensitive means for simple alcohol detection by LC-MS.

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 25(11) , 1987-90, (2014)

Simple alcohols formed protonated acetonitrile adducts containing up to two acetonitrile molecules when analyzed by ESI or APCI in the presence of acetonitrile in the solvent. These acetonitrile adduc...

Lignin Modification for Biopolymer/Conjugated Polymer Hybrids as Renewable Energy Storage Materials.

ChemSusChem 8 , 4081-5, (2015)

Lignin derivatives, which arise as waste products from the pulp and paper industry and are mainly used for heating, can be used as charge storage materials. The charge storage function is a result of ...

The EpiOcular Eye Irritation Test (EIT) for hazard identification and labelling of eye irritating chemicals: protocol optimisation for solid materials and the results after extended shipment.

Altern. Lab. Anim. 43 , 101-27, (2015)

The 7th Amendment to the EU Cosmetics Directive and the EU REACH Regulation have reinforced the need for in vitro ocular test methods. Validated in vitro ocular toxicity tests that can predict the hum...

更多文献

环己醇