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Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A Monogenic Model of Malignancy
10.1146/annurev-med-050715-104245 2017-01-18 Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare, low-grade, metastasizing neoplasm that arises from an unknown source, spreads via the lymphatics, and targets the lungs. All pulmonary structures become infiltrated with benign-appearing spindle and epithelioid cells ... |
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Therapeutics Targeting Drivers of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms and Acute Aortic Dissections: Insights from Predisposing Genes and Mouse Models
10.1146/annurev-med-100415-022956 2017-01-18 Thoracic aortic diseases, including aneurysms and dissections of the thoracic aorta, are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Risk factors for thoracic aortic disease include increased hemodynamic forces on the ascending aorta, typically due to poorly co... |
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Neprilysin Inhibitors: Emerging Therapy for Heart Failure
10.1146/annurev-med-052915-015509 2017-01-18 Biologically active natriuretic peptides (NPs) are an integral part of cardiac homeostasis as they help to maintain sodium and fluid balance. When homeostasis is perturbed by neurohormonal activation in heart failure, levels of NPs rise in response. Neprilysi... |
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Tissue Engineering: Toward a New Era of Medicine
10.1146/annurev-med-102715-092331 2017-01-18 The goal of tissue engineering is to mitigate the critical shortage of donor organs via in vitro fabrication of functional biological structures. Tissue engineering is one of the most prominent examples of interdisciplinary fields, where scientists with diffe... |
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Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: State of the Art and Future Directions
10.1146/annurev-med-101615-020427 2017-01-18 Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a transformational and rapidly evolving treatment for patients with aortic stenosis who require valve replacement. Novel technological advancements have made this percutaneous minimally invasive therapy a first... |
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Cardiac Pacing and Defibrillation Devices: Cost and Effectiveness
10.1146/annurev-med-043015-123540 2017-01-18 Implantable cardiac pacing and defibrillation devices are effective and commonly used therapies for patients with cardiac rhythm disorders. Because device implantation is not easily reversible, as well as the high healthcare costs inherent in device use, a cl... |
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Noninvasive Prenatal DNA Testing: The Vanguard of Genomic Medicine
10.1146/annurev-med-072115-033220 2017-01-18 Noninvasive prenatal DNA testing is the vanguard of genomic medicine. In only four years, this screening test has revolutionized prenatal care globally and opened up new prospects for personalized medicine for the fetus. There are widespread implications for ... |
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Lysosomal Proteins as a Therapeutic Target in Neurodegeneration
10.1146/annurev-med-050715-104432 2017-01-18 Several proteins that are mutated in lysosomal storage diseases are linked to neurodegenerative disease. This review focuses on some of these lysosomal enzymes and transporters, as well as current therapies that have emerged from the lysosomal storage disease... |
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Mechanisms and Medicines for Remyelination
10.1146/annurev-med-050715-104400 2017-01-18 Demyelination of central nervous system axons, associated with traumatic injury and demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis, causes impaired neural transmission and ultimately axon degeneration. Consequently, extensive research has focused on signal... |
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Update on Alzheimer's Disease Therapy and Prevention Strategies
10.1146/annurev-med-042915-103753 2017-01-18 Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the primary cause of age-related dementia. Effective strategies to prevent and treat AD remain elusive despite major efforts to understand its basic biology and clinical pathophysiology. Significant investments in therapeutic drug ... |