The hydrodistillated leaf essential oil of Machilus pseudolongifolia was analyzed to determine its composition and yield. Seventy compounds were identified, the main components being beta-eudesmol (26.8%), alpha-cadinol (20.8%), viridiflorene (8.9%), alpha-caryophyllene (5.3%), globulol (4.6%) and beta-caryophyllene (4.2%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (60.1%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (31.4%) were the predominant groups of compounds. The leaf oil exhibited excellent antimicrobial and anti-wood-decay fungal activities.