A new cell growth inhibitory (PS EDw 2.2 pg/mL) phenanthraquinone designated combretastatin C-1 (2) has been isolated from the African tree Combretum caffrum. The structure (2) assigned combretastatin C-1 was based on high-resolution mass and NMR spectral analyses and confirmed by total syntheses. Synthetic routes 5b-6b-2 and especially 5c-6c-2 proved to be quite practical.