Irreversible chemical programming of monoclonal aldolase antibody (mAb) 38C2 has been accomplished with β-lactam-equipped targeting modules. A model study was first performed with β-lactam conjugated to biotin. This conjugate efficiently and selectively modified the catalytic site lysine (LysH93) of mAb 38C2. We then conjugated a β-lactam to a cyclic-RGD peptide to chemically program mAb 38C2 to target integrin receptors αvβ3 and αvβ5. The ...