Phosphine-initiated general base catalysis: Facile access to benzannulated 1, 3-diheteroatom five-membered rings via double-Michael reactions of allenes
General base-catalyzed double-Michael reactions of allenes with various dinucleophiles are described. The reactions are facilitated most efficiently by a catalytic amount of trimethylphosphine, affording six types of C2-functionalized benzannulated five-membered heterocycles: benzimidazolines, benzoxazolines, benzothiazolines, 1, 3-benzodioxoles, 1, 3- benzoxathioles, and 1, 3-benzodithioles. This atom-economical reaction is operationally ...