Nitration of 4, 4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (BPDC) was studied and an aromatic carboxylic acid containing two nitro groups was synthesized and characterized through elemental analysis and IR spectra. Crystal structure of DNBPDC (DNBPDC= 2, 2′-dinitro-4, 4′- biphenyldicarboxylic acid) was determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction and the thermal decomposition was carried out through DSC and TG–DTG analyses.