The utility of this expression rests on the assumption that the shielding field of a specific group of electrons can be represented by an infinitesimally small magnet (point dipole). This approximation is most reasonable when R, the distance (in A) between the shielded proton and the center of the cyclopropane ring, is fairly large (R >> r, where r is the atomic radius of the proton). In eq 1, AT is the additional shift value of an affected proton due to the cyclopropane ring, Ax is ...