Abstract: A series of 1-aryl-3-(2 H-chromen-5-yl) urea and 1-aryl-3-(chroman-5-yl) urea derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activities towards TNF-α production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated THP-1 cells. The most active compound, 40g, inhibited TNF-α release with an IC 50 value of 0.033 μM, which is equipotent to that of BIRB796 (IC 50= 0.032 μM).