A protocol for the synthesis of C2-and C1-symmetric 2, 2 ″-diarylphosphino-substituted biferrocenes (bifep-type ligands) is presented and the preparation of four representatives is described [(Sp, Sp)-2-R12P-2 ″-R22P-1, 1 ″-biferrocene; 1 (bifep): R1= R2= Ph; 2: R1= Ph, R2= Cy; 3: R1= R2= 3, 5-Me2C6H3; 4: R1= 3, 5-Me2− 4-OMe-C6H2, R2= 3, 5-(CF3) 2C6H3]. In addition, the synthesis of three palladium (II) complexes ([PdX2 (L)], 10: L= 1, X ...