(1) Conversions and yields may frequently be improved by the addition of triphenylphosphine, eg, 2.4 g (2 mol/mol PdCIz).(2) Rates may be increased by the addition of a small amount of a tertiary amine, eg, 1 g of triethylamine.(3) Satisfactory results have also been obtained in some cases when the concentration of the palladium catalyst was decreased by a factor of 0.2 and even 0.04.
