Abstract 3-Nitro-and 3-cyanopyrocatechols bearing electron-withdrawing substituents at C (5) have been found to inhibit the enzyme catechol-O-methyltransferase. Structure-activity studies are discussed on the basis of the pharmocological data of 50 compounds (cf, Chapt. 4, Tables 1–7). Some 3-nitro-5-aroylpyrocatechols (Type A 2, Table 1) fulfil the requirements for a clinical candidate, being orally active, specific, reversible, and relatively short-acting. ...