CO2 has a long history of use in organic synthesis because it is an inexpensive reagent that is available on a large scale. The thermodynamic stability and relative kinetic inertness of CO2 require its preliminary activation, and electrochemical techniques provide some solutions to the problem. 1 CO2 has been activated either by direct (at the electrode) or indirect (through heterogeneous or homogeneous catalysis) reduction. Furthermore, ...
