Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIP, CH3NH3PbX3, X = Cl, Br, or I) quantum dots (QDs) with superior optoelectronic properties, including bright, colour-tunable, narrow-band photoluminescence and a high photoluminescence quantum efficiency (PLQY), are regarded as ideal materials for next-generation optoelectronic devices, particularly for QD-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In the past three years, many interesting results have been observed. In this review, we described recent research progress in synthesis strategies, surface and optical properties of OIP QDs, and electroluminescence (EL) device applications. Special attention is paid to recent developments in OIP QD-based LEDs. In addition, the critical challenges that currently limit the applicability of perovskite QDs are discussed, and prospects for future directions are proposed.