Electrode materials as well as the electrolytes play a decisive role in batteries determining their performance, safety, and lifetime. In the last two decades, different types of batteries have evolved. A lot of work has been done on lithium ion batteries due to their technical importance in consumer electronics, however, the development of post-lithium systems has become a focus in recent years. This chapter gives an overview of various battery materials, primarily focusing on development of electrode materials in ionic liquids via electrochemical route and using ionic liquids as battery electrolyte components.