Abstract The direct oxidative biaryl coupling reaction is an attractive tool for environmentally benign green chemistry. A novel direct method for the synthesis of bithiophene using a hypervalent iodine reagent has been developed. The reaction mechanism has also been investigated, casting light on the reaction intermediate and revealing the reactivity with iodonium salts.
[Pham, Chiem Van; Burkhardt, A.; Shabana, R.; Cunningham, David D.; Mark, Harry B.; Zimmer, Hans Phosphorus, Sulfur and Silicon and the Related Elements, 1989 , vol. 46, p. 153 - 168]