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Timolol

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
26839-75-8

[ Name ]:
Timolol

[Synonym ]:
(S)-thymolol
timolol
Istalol
(S)-timolol
(2S)-1-(tert-butylamino)-3-[(4-morpholin-4-yl-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yl)oxy]propan-2-ol
Optimol
(S)-(-)-3-(3-tert-butylamino-2-hydroxypropoxy)-4-(N-morpholino)-1,2,5-thiadiazole
Timacar
(S)-(-)-(1-tert-butylamino)-3-(4-morpholino-1,2,5-thiadiazol-3-yloxy)-2-propanol
Timoptic
Blocadren
S(-)-Timolol maleate
Betimol
Timoptol
EINECS 248-032-6
MFCD00864565
Timopic

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Timolol is a β-blocker available for both topical and systemic administration. Topical Timolol is primarily used to reduce intraocular pressure with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Timolol can also be used for the research of infantile hemangiomas, hypertension, myocardial infarction, migraine prophylaxis, and atrial fibrillation.Timolol also has cardioprotective effect[1][2].

[Related Catalog]:

Research Areas >> Cancer
Research Areas >> Cardiovascular Disease
Signaling Pathways >> GPCR/G Protein >> Adrenergic Receptor
Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[In Vitro]

Timolol can significantly prevent the increased lipid peroxidation level of the heart from diabetic rats. Timolol can induce a well-balanced ratio between oxidative stress and antioxidant defense system in the diabetic animals, can have an important cardioprotection against diabetes-induced ERS and associated apoptotic effects[3].

[In Vivo]

Timolol has a cardioprotective effect via inhibition of ERS response in diabetic rats[3]. Animal Model: Experimental diabetes model: 3-month old male Wistar rats[3]. Dosage: 5 mg/kg Administration: Timolol (5 mg/kg daily for 12-week) Result: Showed cardioprotective effect.

[References]

[1]. James Barnes; Majid Moshirfar. Timolol.

[2]. E. Ansari, et al. Treatment of open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension with preservative-free tafuprost/timolol fxed-dose combination therapy: 6 case reports and clinical outcomes. BMC Ophthalmol. 2022 Apr 2;22(1):152.

[3]. Figen Amber Cicek, et al. Beta-blocker timolol alleviates hyperglycemia-induced cardiac damage via inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Bioenerg Biomembr

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.224 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
487.2ºC at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
71.5 - 72.5ºC

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C13H24N4O3S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
316.42000

[ Flash Point ]:
248.5ºC

[ Exact Mass ]:
316.15700

[ PSA ]:
107.98000

[ LogP ]:
0.95840

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
2.62E-10mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.548

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Related Compounds