Rofecoxib

Names

[ CAS No. ]:
162011-90-7

[ Name ]:
Rofecoxib

[Synonym ]:
Rofecoxid
4-(p-(Methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone
Rofecoxib
2(5H)-Furanone, 4-[4-(methyl-sulfonyl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-
4-[4-(MethylSLdfonyl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone
4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-phenylfuran-2(5H)-one
4-[4-(Methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-2(5H)-furanone
3-[phenyl-4-(4-methylsulphonyl)phenyl]-2-(5H)-furanone
2(5H)-Furanone, 4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-phenyl-
MFCD00935806
Vioxx
Ceoxx
MK-0966
4-[4-(Methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-phenyl
4-(4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl)-3-phenylfuran-2(5H)-one
2(5H)-Furanone, 4-[4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl]-3-phenyl-
2(5H)-Furanone,4-4-(methylsulfonyl)phenyl-3-phenyl
4-(4-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-one
Ceeoxx
4-(4-methanesulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-5H-furan-2-one

Biological Activity

[Description]:

Rofecoxib is a potent, specific and orally active COX-2 inhibitor, with IC50s of 26 and 18 nM for human COX-2 in human osteosarcoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, with a 1000-fold selectivity for COX-2 over human COX-1 (IC50 > 50 μM in U937 cells and > 15 μM in Chinese hamster ovary cells).

[Related Catalog]:

Signaling Pathways >> Immunology/Inflammation >> COX

Research Areas >> Inflammation/Immunology

[Target]

Human COX-2:18 nM (IC50, in Chinese hamster ovary cells)

Human COX-2:26 nM (IC50, in human osteosarcoma cells)

[In Vitro]

Rofecoxib (MK-0966) is a potent and orally active inhibitor of COX-2, with IC50s of 26 and 18 nM for human COX-2 in human osteosarcoma cells and Chinese hamster ovary cells, with a 1000-fold selectivity for COX-2 over COX-1 (IC50 >50 μM in U937 cells and >15 μM in Chinese hamster ovary cells). Rofecoxib time dependently inhibits purified human recombinant COX-2 (IC50=0.34 μM) but suppresses purified human COX-1 in a non-time-dependent manner that can only be observed at a very low substrate concentration (IC50=26 μM at 0.1 μM arachidonic acid concentration). Rofecoxib selectively inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced, COX-2-derived PGE(2) synthesis with an IC50 value of 0.53 ± 0.02 μM compared with an IC50 value of 18.8 ± 0.9 μM for the inhibition of COX-1-derived thromboxane B(2) synthesis after blood coagulation[1]. Rofecoxib (36 μM) causes a cell proliferation of 68% in MPP89, of 58% in Ist-Mes-1 and 40% in Ist-Mes-2. MSTO-211H and NCI-H2452 treated with 36 μM of Rofecoxib have a survival of 97% and 90% respectively. Rofecoxib (36 μM) decreases COX-2 and mRNA levels in Ist-Mes-1, Ist-Mes-2 and MPP89 cell lines[3].

[In Vivo]

Rofecoxib potently inhibits carrageenan-induced paw edema (ID50=1.5 mg/kg), carrageenan-induced paw hyperalgesia (ID50=1.0 mg/kg), lipopolysaccharide-induced pyresis (ID50=0.24 mg/kg), and adjuvant-induced arthritis (ID50=0.74 mg/kg/day) in rodent models. Rofecoxib also protects adjuvant-induced destruction of cartilage and bone structures in rats. In a 51Cr excretion assay for detection of gastrointestinal integrity in either rats or squirrel monkeys, rofecoxib shows no effect at doses up to 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days[1]. Rofecoxib (15 mg/kg, i.p.) reduces the blood vessels attached to the internal limiting membrane (ILM) in mice. COX-2 and VEGF protein expressions, COX-2 mRNA and VEGF mRNA are also significantly decreased by Rofecoxib in ROP mice[2].

[Cell Assay]

The anti-proliferative activity of single drug treatments is assessed in a monolayer culture condition by plating Ist-Mes-1, Ist-Mes-2 and MPP89 cells in T25 flask. After 24 h, DMSO (at the same final concentration of that present in medium with drugs), 50 μM gefitinib or 36 μM Rofecoxib are added. The cells are then harvested at 48 h after treatment and analyzed by western blot and RT-PCR to evaluate the effect of the drugs on expression and mRNA levels of EGFR and COX-2. The expression of the cell cycle arrest genes and p-AKT, AKT, p-ERK and ERK is detected by Western blot to assess the antiproliferative activity of the two drugs in isolation (25 μM gefitinib or 4 μM Rofecoxib) and in combination 25 μM gefitinib+4 μM Rofecoxib[3].

[Animal admin]

Mice[2] Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is induced in C57BL/6J mice. The mice are randomly allocated into three experimental groups with 16 mice in each group: normal group-age-matched mice are maintained in room air from birth to P17 and are served as negative control; untreated ROP group-ROP is induced as described above without treatment and served as positive control; Rofecoxib-treated ROP group-ROP mice are treated daily with Rofecoxib (15 mg/kg body weight, intraperitoneally) from P12 to P17. Rofecoxib is dissolved in a 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose solution before administration[2].

[References]

[1]. Rofecoxib, et al. Rofecoxib [Vioxx, MK-0966; 4-(4'-methylsulfonylphenyl)-3-phenyl-2-(5H)-furanone]: a potent and orally active cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Pharmacological and biochemical profiles. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999 Aug;290(2):551-60.

[2]. Liu NN, et al. Rofecoxib inhibits retinal neovascularization via down regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2015 Jul;43(5):458-65.

[3]. Stoppoloni D, et al. Synergistic effect of gefitinib and rofecoxib in mesothelioma cells. Mol Cancer. 2010 Feb 2;9:27.

[Related Small Molecules]

Chemical & Physical Properties

[ Density]:
1.3±0.1 g/cm3

[ Boiling Point ]:
577.6±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg

[ Melting Point ]:
207°C

[ Molecular Formula ]:
C₁₇H₁₄O₄S

[ Molecular Weight ]:
314.356

[ Flash Point ]:
303.1±30.1 °C

[ Exact Mass ]:
314.061279

[ PSA ]:
68.82000

[ LogP ]:
1.34

[ Vapour Pressure ]:
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C

[ Index of Refraction ]:
1.619

[ Storage condition ]:
Refrigerator

MSDS

Click to get detail MSDS

Safety Information

[ Symbol ]:

GHS07

[ Signal Word ]:
Warning

[ Hazard Statements ]:
H302

[ Hazard Codes ]:
Xn

[ Risk Phrases ]:
22

[ Safety Phrases ]:
S24/25

[ RIDADR ]:
NONH for all modes of transport

[ WGK Germany ]:
2

[ RTECS ]:
LU5135000

[ HS Code ]:
29309070

Synthetic Route

Click to get detail synthetic route

Precursor & DownStream

Precursor

DownStream

Customs

[ HS Code ]: 2932209090

[ Summary ]:
2932209090. other lactones. VAT:17.0%. Tax rebate rate:13.0%. . MFN tariff:6.5%. General tariff:20.0%

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